The Carbon Cycle

Question 1

what does photosynthesis do to carbon atoms? (carbon cycle)

Answer 1

fixes carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into organic compounds (e.g. glucose)

Question 2

what does feeding do to food chains? (carbon cycle)

Answer 2

passes carbon atoms frm organic compounds along food chains

Question 3

what does respiration produce? (carbon cycle)

Answer 3

produces inorganic carbon dioxide from organic compounds as these are broken down easily to release energy

Question 4

what do dead organic material release? (carbon cycle)

Answer 4

carbon is released during respiration by decomposers

Question 5

when does fossilisation occur? (carbon cycle)

Answer 5

when dead organis matter does not fully decay due to conditions in the soil, leading to fossil fuel formation

Question 6

what does combustion release? (carbon cycle)

Answer 6

releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned

Question 7

complete this carbon cycle diagram

Answer 7

Question 8

name two molecules in plants that contain carbon

Answer 8

starch

glucose

Question 9

the carbon in plants can be released into the air as carbon dioxide

give two ways in which this can happen

Answer 9

respiration

decomposition

Question 10

increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air can lead to global warming

give six different harmful consequences of global warming

Answer 10

melting ice caps

extinction

climate change

soil erosion

food chain disruption

habitat destruction

Question 11

complete this gap fill:

Many fungi are decomposers and play an important part in the carbon cycle. Decomposition is the … of dead organisms, or other organic material, such as bread. The process releases inorganic mineral ions, such as … and … in the soil. Decomposition also releases a gas called … into the air. This gas is produced by a process called … which releases the energy that fungi need to grow. The same gas is taken out of the air by plants and used in a process called … to make food.

Answer 11

Many fungi are decomposers and play an important part in the carbon cycle. Decomposition is the breakdown of dead organisms, or other organic material, such as bread. The process releases inorganic mineral ions, such as nitrate and phosphate in the soil. Decomposition also releases a gas called carbon dioxide into the air. This gas is produced by a process called respiration which releases the energy that fungi need to grow. The same gas is taken out of the air by plants and used in a process called photosynthesis to make food.

Question 12

what is a decomposer?

Answer 12

an organism that eats dead organism or animal droppings, and breaks them down into simple materials

Question 13

what are the main groups of decomposer?

Answer 13

bacteria and fungi

Question 14

what is decomposition?

Answer 14

the breakdown or decay of dead organisms, or other organic materials

Question 15

what is the process that allows carbon compounds to leave carnivores and enter the atmosphere?

Answer 15

respiration

Question 16

what is the prcess that takes carbon in the atmopshere into flowering plants?

Answer 16

feeding

Question 17

what is the process that takes carbon from flowering plants into herbivores?

Answer 17

feeding

Question 18

what is the process that takes carbon from herbivores into carnivores?

Answer 18

feeding

Question 19

burning fossil fuels return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

explain how increased use of fossil fuels could affect the environment

Answer 19

increase in greenhouse gases which increases the greenhouse effect

trapped heat in the atmosphere leads to the gradual rise in temperature (global warming)

global warming leads to rising sea levels, melting ice caps, flooding

this is the result of climate change

Question 20

describe the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle

Answer 20

they break down the remains of dead plants and animals (organisms) releasing carbon dioxide through respiration

this carbon dioixde can then be used in photosynthesis for plants

Question 21

name four carbohydrtes found in plants that contain carbon

Answer 21

starch

glucose

sucrose

cellulose

Question 22

other than fungi and bacteria, what other type of organism is a decomposer?

Answer 22

microorganisms

Question 23

what fixes carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into organic compounds? (e.g. glucose)

Answer 23

photosynthesis

Question 24

what releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?

Answer 24

combustion

Question 25

what releases carbon from dead organic material during respiration?

Answer 25

decomposers

Question 26

what passes carbon atoms from organic compounds along food chains?

Answer 26

feeding

Question 27

what occurs when dead organis matter does not fully decay due to conditions in the soil, leading to fossil fuel formation?

Answer 27

fossilisation

Question 28

what produces inorganic carbon dioxide from organic compounds as these are broken down to release energy?

Answer 28

respiration

Question 29

what are inorganic nitrogen compounds (3)?

Answer 29

nitrogen in the air nitrogen in the soil nitrate in the soil

Question 30

what are organic nitrogen compounds (7)?

Answer 30

amino acids protein urea ammonia nucleotides DNA ATP

Question 31

what is the chemical formula for nitrogen gas?

Answer 31

N₂

Question 32

what is the chemical formula for nitrite?

Answer 32

NO₂^-

Question 33

what is the chemical formula for nitrate?

Answer 33

NO₃^-

Question 34

what is the chemical formula for ammonia?

Answer 34

NH₄^-

Question 35

complete this water cycle diagram

Answer 35

Question 36

what is evaporation?

Answer 36

a liquid changing to a gas

Question 37

what is condensation?

Answer 37

a gas changing to a liquid

Question 38

what is precipitation?

Answer 38

rain

Question 39

what is transpiration?

Answer 39

water taken up by the roots of a plant is transported through a plant to the leaves and lost into the air

Question 40

label this nitrogen cycle

Answer 40

Question 41

plants and animals **...** fix nitrogen (**...**) from the air or soil directly

Answer 41

plants and animals **cannot** fix nitrogen (**N₂**) from the air or soil directly

Question 42

what happens in assimilation? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 42

plants get some of their nitrogen by absorption of nitrate (NO₃^-) ions via their roots

Question 43

what happens in feeding? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 43

animals get all of their nitrogen (already incorporated into organic molecules) by feeding from plants or other animals along a food chain

Question 44

what happens in ammonification? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 44

decomposition by decomposers of dead plant and animal material produces ammonia (NH₄⁺) from organic compounds

Question 45

what happens in nitrification? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 45

the ammonia is first oxidised to nitrate and then to nitrite by nitrifying bacteria nitrogen-fixation - free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil or symbiotic bacteria in root nodules can fix nitrogen (N₂) from the air into ammonia (NH₄^-) which is then used by the bacteria or the symbiotic plant to make amino acids and proteins

Question 46

what happens in denitrification? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 46

denitrifying bacteria use nitrate in the coil and convert it back into nitrogen

Question 47

what is a symbiotic plant?

Answer 47

two different organisms that live together and help each other

Question 48

why do plants and animals need nitrogen (N)?

Answer 48

to make DNA, proteins, ATP and amino acids

Question 49

what molecule in the atmosphere is nitrogen normall found in?

Answer 49

N₂ nitrogen gas (triple covalent bond)

Question 50

amino acids, proteins, urea, ammonia, nucleotides, DNA and ATP are ...

Answer 50

organic nitrogen compounds

Question 51

N₂ in the air and soil, nitrate in the soil are ...

Answer 51

inorganic nitrogen molecules

Question 52

what are three ways that atmospheric nitrogen gets into the ground?

Answer 52

bacteria is root nodules or legumes nitrogen-fixation lightning

Question 53

what organisms do the nitrogen fixation for plants?

Answer 53

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 54

why don't farmers have to put nitrogen fertilizer on soybeans?

Answer 54

they are legumes and have root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 55

where do plants get their nitrogen from?

Answer 55

assimilatin of nitrates in the soil

Question 56

where do primary consumers get their nitrogen from?

Answer 56

from feeding on plants

Question 57

where does an animal's or plant's nitrogen go when it dies?

Answer 57

protein in detritus

Question 58

where do secondary consumers get their nitrogen from?

Answer 58

from feeding on primary consumers

Question 59

which organisms convert ammonia to nitrate?

Answer 59

nitrifying bacteria

Question 60

how is nitrogen released into the atmosphere?

Answer 60

denitrification by denitrifying bacteria

Question 61

**...** --nitrifying bacteria--\> **...**

Answer 61

**ammonia** --nitrifying bacteria--\> **nitrate**

Question 62

name the process by which plant roots absorb nitrates

Answer 62

assimilation

Question 63

what are nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Answer 63

bacteria that can fix nitrogen (N₂) from the air into ammonia (NH₄^-)

Question 64

give two ways by which animals can return nitrogen to the soil

Answer 64

excretion death

Question 65

explain how bacteria can reduce the availability of nitrate ions to the plants

Answer 65

denitrifying bacteria denitrifies: it takes nitrate from the soil and converts it by denitfrication into the air which is unaccessible to plants

Question 66

what is this process: plants get some of their nitrogen by absorption of nitrate (NO₃^-) ions via their roots

Answer 66

assimilation

Question 67

what is this process: animals get all of their nitrogen (already incorporated into organic molecules) by feeding from plants or other animals along a food chain

Answer 67

feeding

Question 68

what is this process: decomposition by decomposers of dead plant and animal material produces ammonia (NH₄^-ammonification) from organic compounds

Answer 68

ammonification

Question 69

what is this process: the ammonia is first oxidised to nitrate and then to nitrite by nitrifying bacteria

Answer 69

nitrification

Question 70

what is this process: free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil or symbiotic bacteria in root nodules can fix nitrogen (N₂) from the air into ammonia (NH₄^-) which is then used by the bacteria or the symbiotic plant to make amino acids and proteins

Answer 70

nitrogen-fixation

Question 71

what is this process: denitrifying bacteria use nitrate in the coil and convert it back into nitrogen

Answer 71

denitrification

Question 72

what do decomposers do in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 72

ammonification

Question 73

where is bacteria found in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 73

soil

Question 74

where is symbiotic bacteria found in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 74

root nodules