Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards
What are the seven food groups? How do you remember these?
carbohydrates (starch and gluose)
protein
lipids (fats and oils)
fibre
vitamins
minerals
water
Careless Pauline Let Finnian Vaporise My Water
What are simple sugars called?
monosaccharides
What are complex sugars called?
polysaccharides
What is starch made of?
thousands of glucose molecules
Give an example of a simple sugar (monosaccharide)
glucose
Give an example of a complex sugar (polysaccharide)
starch
What are carbohydrates?
they include simple sugars (monosaccharides) such as glucose and complex sugars (polysaccharides) such as starch (which is made of thousands of glucose molecules)
What are elements of glucose?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
(C, H, O)
What is the formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is the equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is the function of glucose?
short-term energy supply which is used in respiration
What are some sources of glucose?
e.g. in fruits, sweets
What are elements of starch?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
(C, H, O)
What is the structure of starch?
thousands of glucose molecules
What is the function of starch?
short-term energy storage which is broken down into glucose for respiration
What is the function of starch in plants?
stores starch
What is the function of starch in humans?
eat foods containing starch which broken down into glucose in digestion
What are some sources of starch?
e.g. in bread, potatoes, pasta, rice
If you need a quick burst of energy what food should you eat and why?
eat food containing glucose (instead of starch) as it doesn’t need to be digested and can be absorbed into the bloodstream directly
What are the elements of protein?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
(C, H, O, N, S)
What is the structure of proteins?
chains of amino acids (20 different types)
What is the function of proteins?
there are a variety of functions:
needed to maintain cell function
needed to grow and repair cells and tissues
What are some sources of proteins?
e.g. meat, fish, eggs, dairy
What is the function of proteins in enzymes?
enzymes speed up chemical reactions in your body, e.g., the breakdown of food or respiration































