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USMLE GAME TIME > The Mess That Is Micro - VII - Viruses > Flashcards

The Mess That Is Micro - VII - Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

HSV-1

A

Oral and some genital lesions, spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis; DS and linear

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2
Q

HSV-2

A

Genital and some oral lesions, DS and linear

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3
Q

VZV

A

Chickenpox, zoster (shingles), vaccine available; DS and linear

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4
Q

EBV

A

HHV-4 - DS and linear - Herpesvirus - mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma

Infects B cells. Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells.

Detect by positive monospot test.
Heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs.

Associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, endemic Burkitts, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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5
Q

CMV

A

HHV-5 - DS and linear - Herpesvirus - infection in immunosuppressed patients (AIDS retinitis, especially transplant recipients, congenital defects)

Congenital infection, negative monospot, owl eye inclusions in infected cells. Pneumonia and retinitis.

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6
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola, Exanthem subitum, occurs in people <2, you get a fever for several days that can cause seizures, which subsides and then rash (diffuse macular) on trunk that spreads to legs and neck (very rarely affects adults, when it does, you get mono-like symptoms)

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7
Q

HHV-7

A

Less common cause of Roseola - Exanthem subitum, occurs in people <2, you get a fever which subsides and then rash on trunk that spreads to legs and neck (very rarely affects adults, when it does, you get mono-like symptoms)

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8
Q

HHV-8

A

Causes Kaposi sarcoma. Neoplasm of endothelial cells. Seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients. Dark / violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions representing endothelial growths. Can also affect GI tract and lungs. Transmitted by sexual contact.

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9
Q

DNA viruses

A

Parvati And Polly Heaped Herpes and Poxes on the Papacy (for denying the existence of DNA)

Line line circle circle line line circle

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10
Q

HBV

A

Enveloped. A Hepadnavirus - it is partially DS and circular.

Not a retrovirus, but has reverse transcriptase.

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11
Q

B19

A

Non-enveloped. Parvovirus, SS and linear (-), smallest DNA virus, the only single stranded DNA virus.

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, slapped cheeks rash in children, erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like sx in adults.
Remember Part of a Virus.

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12
Q

Erythema infectiosum versus Exanthem subitum

A

Erythema infectiosum - B19 / 5th disease

Exanthem subitum - Roseola

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13
Q

HPV

A 
Papillomavirus, No envelope, DS and circular. 
Warts - 1,2,6,11. 
CIN
Cervical cancer - 16,18
Vaccine available
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14
Q

JC Virus

A

Polyomavirus. No envelope, DS and circular. PML in HIV.

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15
Q

BK virus

A

Polyomavirus. NO envelope, DS and circular. Transplant patients, commonly targets the kidney.

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16
Q

Smallpox

A

A poxvirus. DS and linear (largest DNA virus). Eradicated. But it could be used in germ warfare.

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17
Q

Cowpox

A

A poxvirus. Milkmaid blisters. DS and linear (largest DNA virus).

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18
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

A poxvirus, enveloped, DS and linear, flesh-colored dome lesions with central umbilicated dimple.

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19
Q

Coltivirus

A

Aka Colorado tick fever. A Reovirus, no envelope, DS linear 10-12 segments. Icosahedral capsid.

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20
Q

RNA viruses with negative sense DNA

A 
Rabid Philadelphian Paragliders Order Delicious Buns in the Arena
Rhabdoviruses
Filoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Delta virus
Bunyaviruses
Arenaviruses
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21
Q

Rotavirus

A

A Reovirus, no envelope, DS linear 10-12 segments of DNA, icosahedral, number 1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children. Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of sodium and loss of potassium. CDC recommends vaccination of infants. Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis.

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22
Q

PicoRNAviruses

A 
No envelope, single stranded and linear, Icosahedral
PERCH
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
HAV

RNA is translated into one large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins. Can cause aseptic viral meningitis (except rhinovirus and HAV). All are enterovirus (fecal-oral route) except rhinovirus.

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23
Q

Segmented viruses

A 
Buns ARe Really Orthoganal (and segmented)
Bunyaviruses
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses
Orthovmyxoviruses (influenza virus)
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24
Q

HCV

A

Flavivirus

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25
Yellow fever
Flavivirus, SS+ and linear with an envelope. Transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Virus has a monkey or human reservoir. Sx include high fever, black vomit, and jaundice.
26
Dengue
Flavivirus
27
St. Louis encephalitis
Flavivirus
28
West nile virus
Flavivirus
29
Norovirus
Calicivirus (SS + linear icosahedral no envelope)
30
HEV
Hepevirus (SS + linear icosahedral no envelope)
31
Rubella
Togavirus
32
Eastern equine encephalitis
Togavirus
33
Western equine encephalitis
Togavirus
34
HTLV
T cell leukemia virus, a retrovirus
35
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses
36
SARS
Coronavirus
37
Parainfluenza
Paramyxoviruses
38
RSV
Paramyxovirus (remember PaRaMyxovirus
39
Measles
Paramyxovirus. Use vitamin A to prevent severe exfoliative dermatitis in malnourished children.
40
Mumps
Paramyxovirus
41
Ebola
Filovirus
42
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Filovirus
43
LCMV
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, an Arenavirus
44
Lassa fever encephalitis
Arenavirus spread by mice
45
California encephalitis
Bunyavirus
46
Sandfly/rift valley fever
Bunyavirus
47
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Bunyavirus
48
Hantavirus
Bunyavirus
49
HDV
Delta virus - enveloped, ss, negative, circular
50
Orthomyxoviruses
Includes influenza virus. Enveloped, single stranded negative, linear, 8 segments with helical capsid. Hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) Neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release)
51
Hemagglutinin
promotes viral entry, found in Influenza virus
52
Neuraminidase
promotes progeny virion release, found in Influenza virus
53
HBV genome proteins
HBcAg - nucleocapsid core and precore protein that resides within hepatocytes and assembles virion. HBeAg - nucelocapsid core and precore protein that is a marker of high infectivity. Core resides within hepatocytes and assembles virion, while the precore component directs secretion into blood. HBsAg - noninfective envelope glycoprotein that forms spheres and tubules 22 nm in diameter. Infected hepatocytes may secrete enormous quantities which may poorly correlate with viral replication. HBx - transcriptional transactivator of viral genes from the X region. Necessary for viral replication. Functions in deregulation of hepatocyte replication and development of HCC in patients with HBV. Basically this interferes with cell cycle, chromosomal stability, everything relevant in the host and messes sh** up. DNA polymerase - uses reverse transcriptase to replicate genome. An RNA intermediate is produced.
54
Nucleocapsid
The protein coat (capsid) and DNA together are the nucleocapsid
55
HBcAg
nucleocapsid core and precore protein that resides within hepatocytes and assembles virion.
56
HBeAg
nucelocapsid core and precore protein that is a marker of high infectivity. Core resides within hepatocytes and assembles virion, while the precore component directs secretion into blood.
57
HBsAg
noninfective envelope glycoprotein that forms spheres and tubules 22 nm in diameter. Infected hepatocytes may secrete enormous quantities which may poorly correlate with viral replication.
58
HBx
Found in hepatitis B. Transcriptional transactivator of viral genes from the X region. Necessary for viral replication. Functions in deregulation of hepatocyte replication and development of HCC in patients with HBV. Basically this interferes with cell cycle, chromosomal stability, everything relevant in the host and messes sh** up.
59
Dane particle
Refers to Hep B Spherical double-layered particle with a hexagonal core covered with an outer surface envelope of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate.
60
What family is Hep B
Hepadnaviridae
61
Hep B replication cycle
DsDNA
62
Bunyaviruses?
Enveloped, single stranded negative, circular with 3 segments. California encephalitis Sandfly / Rift valley fevers Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever Hantavirus-hemorrhagic fever pneumonia A bunny in California is bitten by sandflies with a Hankering to go to the Congo and has hemorrhagic fever.
63
Arenaviruses
Enveloped, SS negative, circular, 2 segments, helical, LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
64
Togaviruses
Enveloped, Single stranded + linear, icosahedral Rubella Eastern equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis Remember: Picture someone in a toga rubbing down his horse.
65
Single stranded positive linear viruses?
``` The Retro Toga-ed Hippy from California likes Pickle-Flavored Coronas from California Retroviruses Togaviruses Hepeviruses Caliciviruses Picornaviruses Coronaviruses Caliciviruses ```
66
Flaviviruses
Enveloped, single strand linear, positive, icosahedral ``` HCV Yellow Fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus ``` All mosquito borne except HCV. Remember: When you have Hep C things taste different (flavor), you turn yellow, you get hepatic encephalopathy.
67
Picornavirus
nonenveloped, single stranded linear, icosahedral Remember: The RHINO with a SACK on his back played marco POLO and ECHOed back words until he PICKed up a contaminated piece of food, eats it, and gets HEP A.
68
Live attenuated viral vaccines
``` Smallpox Yellow fever Chickenpox MMR Sabin polio virus Influenza (intranasal) ``` Remember: The small yellow chicken flew over Momma Ruth's sable-furred polar bear (and lived).
69
Killed viral vaccines
Rabies Influenza Salk Polio Hep A Virus Remember: Rabid infected polar bears hate salt (and die).
70
Recombinant viral vaccine
HBV - the antigen is recombinant HBsAg | HPV - types 6, 11, 16, 18
71
Viral replication: where does it occur for DNA versus RNA viruses?
DNA viruses: all replicate in the nucleus except poxviruses | RNA viruses: all replicate in the cytoplasm except influenza and retroviruses
72
What is the only DNA virus that is single stranded?
Parvovirus - remember "part of a virus"
73
env
Formed from cleavage of gp160 to form envelope glycoproteins in HIV gp120 - attachment to host CD4+ T cell gp41 - fusion and entry
74
gag
capsid protein in HIV. p24 | Remember: I gag after swallowing a 24 CAPsules.
75
pol
Reverse transcriptase, synthesizes dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into the host genome.
76
CCR5
Coreceptor on CD4 T cells; HIV virus binds this early. CXCR4 is the one that Virus binds late. CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages.
77
CXCR4
Coreceptor on CD4 T cells; Virus binds this late. CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages.
78
Homozygous CCR5 mutation
Immunity from HIV
79
Heterogzygous CCR5 mutation
Slower HIV course
80
AIDS diagnosis
less than 200 CD4+ cells per mm, OR HIV positive with an AIDS defining condition such as Pneumocystis pneumonia OR CD4 percentage less than 14%
81
Reovirus
Remember "Repetovirus" - the only doublestranded RNA No envelope, DS linear 10-12 segments, icosahedral (double) Coltivirus - Colorado tick fever Rotavirus - number 1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children Remember: Colts repeat and learn by rote memorization
82
gp41 (HIV)
Transmembrane glycoprotein in HIV
83
gp120 (HIV)
Docking glycoprotein in HIV
84
p17 (HIV)
Matrix protein in hiv
85
p24 (HIV)
Capsid protein HIV
86
Negative stranded or positive stranded - which are more infectious if you just find the RNA?
Positive stranded!

USMLE GAME TIME (46 decks)

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