GI - Grab Bag Flashcards
Omphalocele
Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord SEALED by peritoneum
Gastroschisis
Extrusion of the abdominal contents through abdominal folds NOT COVRED by peritoneum
Difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?
Gastroschisis is extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds not covered by peritoneum
Omphalocele is persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord SEALED by peritoneum
Duodenal atresia
Associated with trisomy 21
Apple peel atresia
Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia - due to vascular accident
Affected area of the bowel assumes a spiral appearance, described as an apple peel like appearance!
When does the midgut herniate through the umbilical ring? When does it return to rotate around SMA?
Week 6
Week 10
H-type of tracheo-esophageal fistula
Fistula alone - shaped like an H! Think about it!
What will CXR show in pure atresia / isolated?
Gasless abdomen
Palpable olive mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks old.
Congenital pyloric stenosis.
Hypertrophy of pylorus causing obstruction
Treatment for congenital pyloric stenosis?
Surgical incision.
When the ventral and dorsal parts of the pancreas fail to fuse at 8 weeks this is called…
Pancreas divisum
Think Pd –> join the letters together you get 8 –> 8 wks
When the ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles the second part of duodenum, forming a ring of pancreatic tissue that causes duodenal narrowing
Annular pancreas
When you compress the hepatoduodenal ligament between thumb and forefinger to control bleeding this is called?
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament even do?
Pringle maneuver
(it’s like you are squeezing a pringle!)
It contains the portal triad (proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct)
Layers of the gut wall from lumen (inside) to outside
Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria - support, muscularis mucosa - motility)
Submucosa (includes submucosal nerve plexus - Meissner)
Muscularis externa - inner circular muscle layer, auerbach’s plexus, outer circular muscle layer
Serosa (when intraperitoneal) or adventitia (when retroperitoneal)
Remember: epic lame mice subsist inside my outlandish ceramic.
How far do ulcers extend versus erosions?
Ulcers - into the submucosa inner or outer muscular layer
Erosions - into the mucosa only
Frequency of electric rhythms (slow waves)
Stomach - 3 waves per minute
Duodenum - 12 waves per minute
Ileum - 8-9 waves per minute
3 * 4
Then that times 3/4
What kind of histology is the esophagus?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
Duodenum (histology?)
Brunner glands (submucosa) Crypts of lieberkuhn Remember: the Subway (submucosa) B-runner (he's not very good, that's why he's not an A-runner) decided to DO (duodenum) the Crypts of Lieberkuhn.
Ileum histology
Peyer patches (lamina propria, submucosa) Plicae circulares (proximal ileum) Crypts of lieberkuhn Largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine
When I’m Ill, I pay (Peyer’s) for a lamb subway (lamina propria, submucosa) and goblets (goblet cells) of medicine.
Transverse portion (third segment of the duodenum) is trapped between SMA and aorta, causing intestinal obstruction
SMA syndrome.
Arteries supplying non-GI structures branch _____. arteries supplying GI structures branch ____.
(off the aorta).
Laterally.
Medially.
A better mnemonic than i ate ten eggs at twelve
My friends and I ate t eggs with venison at 12 Phrenic and IVC at 8 Esophagus and vagus at 10 Azygous Aorta Thymus? Whatever the t stands for - 12
Esophageal anastomosis associated with portal htn
Left gastric and esophageal
Umbilical anastomosis associated with portal hypertension
Para-umbilical with small epigastric veins of the anterior abdominal wall
