GI - Cancers

Question 0

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Answer 0

Occurs in the upper 2/3 of the esophagus.
I think this is associated with keratin pearls, I kept running across this on Qbank, but I really want to find a picture somewhere.
More common worldwide, but in the US adenocarcinoma is more common.

Question 1

Barrett esophagus

Answer 1

Glandular metaplasia
Replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium (nonciliated columnar with goblet cells) in the distal esophagus. Due to chronic acid reflux (GERD). Associated with esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, and increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Question 2

Menetrier disease

Answer 2

Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increase in mucous cells. Precancerous. Rugae of stomach are so hypertrophied that they look like brain gyri.

Question 3

Intestinal stomach adenocarcinoma

Answer 3

Associated with H pylori infection and dietary nitrosamines / smoked foods, tobacco smoking, achlorhydria, chronic gastritis, commonly on the lesser curvature. Looks like ulcer with raised margins.

Question 4

Diffuse / signet ringadenocarcinoma of the stomach

Answer 4

Not associated with H pylori, signet ring cells, stomach wall grossly thickened and leathery (linitis plastica)

Question 5

Virchow node

Answer 5

Involvement of the left supraclavicular node by metastasis from stomach

Question 6

Krukenberg tumor

Answer 6

Bilateral metastases to the ovaries. Abundant mucus, signet ring cells of stomach cancer

Question 7

Sister mary joseph nodule

Answer 7

Subcutaneous periumbilical metastasis of stomach cancer

Question 8

Curling ulcer

Answer 8

Decreased plasma volume, leads to sloughing of gastric mucosa and brain injury.

Think burned by a curling iron.

Question 9

Cushing ulcer

Answer 9

Increased vagal stimulation leads to increased ach leads to increased h+ production.
Think: always cushion the brain.