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USMLE GAME TIME > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ACEIs

A

Renal damage.

How to remember: ACEI affects the kidney in adults too.

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies.

How to remember: You need digits to write with chALK.

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

CN VIII Toxicity.

How to remember: A mean guy hit the baby in the ear.

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4
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
Neural tube defects
Craniofacial defects
Fingernail hypoplasia
Developmental delay
IUGR
Similar to hydantoin syndrome from phenytoin.

How to remember: The baby hid in the maze in the fens but then couldn’t get out so he tried to scratch his way out and lost all his NAILS – he grew bigger in the maze – too big – IUGR. He was DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED because he had no one to play with.

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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
Congenital Mullerian anomalies

How to remember: Stillbestrol sounds like still born —> reproductive tract problems –> congenital mullerian anomalies…

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6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

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7
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly, atrialized right ventricle

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8
Q

Methimazole

A

What this is: antithyroid drug known for causing agranulocytosis, like propylthiouracil.

Causes aplastia cutis congenita - absence of skin in a localized or widespread area at birth.

How to remember: A THIMBLE full of ACID would cause your skin to peel off!

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9
Q

Phenytoin

A 
Neural tube defects
Craniofacial defects
Fingernail hypoplasia
Developmental delay
IUGR
Similar to hydantoin syndrome from phenytoin.

How to remember: The baby hid in the maze in the fens but then couldn’t get out so he tried to scratch his way out and lost all his NAILS – he grew bigger in the maze – too big – IUGR. He was DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED because he had no one to play with.

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth

How to remember: Teethracyclines!

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11
Q

Thalidomide

A

Limb defects - phocomelia, micromelia, flipper limbs

How to remember: Thalimbdomide

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12
Q

Valproate

A

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption - neural tube defects

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13
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

Bone, Blood, Bort, Beam

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14
Q

Alcohol

A 
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Intellectual disability
Retardation
Microcephaly
Holoprosencephaly
Facial abnormalities - smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures
Hypertelorism - increased distance between the eyes
Limb dislocation
Heart defects
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15
Q

Cocaine

A

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction

Placental abruption - think vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A

Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries

Associated with preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

17
Q

Iodine

A

Excess or lack can lead to congenital goiter or hypothyroidism / cretinism

How to remember - P3UB TONGUE
Puffy
Pot-bellied
Pale
Umbilical protrusion
Brain problems
Tongue protrusion
18
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome, anal atresia to sirenomelia, CHD, neural tube defects

Remember: Sirens are sweet

19
Q

Vitamin A excess

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities).

Remember: Vitamin A –> Retinoic acid –> migration badness

20
Q

X-rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

21
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

A

The Greasy River Flowed Clear Aminute after Sophie Treated it with Chlorine

Griseofulvin
Ribavirin
Fluoroquinolones
Clarithromycin
Aminoglycosides
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenacol
22
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Kernicterus - means very high levels of bilirubin

Remember: Sulfonamides –> sulfur (yellow) –> jaundice

23
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Cartilage damage

Remember: Fleur was walking alone when she damaged her cart.

24
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Embryotoxic

25
Q

Ribavarin

A

Teratogenic

26
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Teratogenic

27
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Gray baby

Remember: If you wash your elephant with chlorine, it’s still going to look gray.

USMLE GAME TIME (46 decks)

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