The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Typical menstrual cycles last __-__ days and bleeding lasts __ days or less

Answer 1

24-35; 8

Question 2

The first, more variable phase of the cycle is the ____ phase (ovaries) or the ___ phase (uterus)

Answer 2

follicular; proliferative

Question 3

The second, more fixed phase is the ___ phase (ovaries) or the ___ phase (uterus)

Answer 3

luteal; secretory

Question 4

The hypothalamus releases ___ hormone, which goes directly to the anterior pituitary through the hypophyseal artery due to its short ___ ___

Answer 4

GnRH; half life

Question 5

The hypothalamus releases ___ hormone, which goes directly to the anterior pituitary through the pituitary portal system due to its short ___ ___

Answer 5

GnRH; half life

Question 6

The follicular phase release of GnRH is __ amplitude and __ frequency versus the luteal phase where its ___ amplitude and ___ frequency

Answer 6

low; high; high; low

Question 7

The anterior pituitary secretes both __ and __ for the cycle

Answer 7

FSH; LH

Question 8

___ uses the __ receptor due to their similarity and the fact they’re both made by the anterior pituitary

Answer 8

hCG; LH

Question 9

Follicles won’t progress past the __ phase without ___

Answer 9

antral; FSH

Question 10

FSH stimulates ___ ___ proliferation

Answer 10

granulosa cell

Question 11

FSH stimulates the ____ enzyme, which stimulates ___ to ___

Answer 11

aromatase; androgens; estradiol

Question 12

FSH increases __ and ___ receptors to prepare for the next step

Answer 12

FSH; LH

Question 13

Estradiol peaks __ day before ovulation

Answer 13

one

Question 14

Initially, estradiol __ LH, but once it reaches a certain threshold, it switches to ____ LH

Answer 14

inhibits; stimulates

Question 15

LH causes release of the ____ from the follicle __ hours after its surge

Answer 15

oocyte; 36

Question 16

LH causes __ of the granulosa cells, which increases production of ____

Answer 16

luteinization; progesterone

Question 17

LH causes resumption of ___ in the oocyte from ____ I to ____ II and release of a __ ___

Answer 17

meiosis; prophase; metaphase; polar body

Question 18

Estrogen promotes ___ of the endometrium and there are prominent ____ on path

Answer 18

proliferation; mitosis

Question 19

Progesterone promotes ___ of the glands and vessels, limits ____, and secretes ___ into the cavity

Answer 19

tortuosity; cell growth; glycoproteins and peptides

Question 20

For menstruation to occur, the __ __ degenerates, you lose ___ and ___, ___ rises, and the lining of the uterus sloughs off

Answer 20

corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone, FSH

Question 21

A fertilized embryo releases ___, which maintains the __ __, which continues to release ___ and ___, which causes missed periods

Answer 21

hCG; corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone

Question 22

__ is the level where estrogen changes from inhibitory to excitatory

Answer 22

200

Question 23

Inhibin is made by the ____ cells and ___ FSH

Answer 23

granulosa; inhibits;