Fetal Pathology

Question 1

Years __-_ have the highest death rate

Answer 1

0-1

Question 2

50% of early pregnancy loss are due to ___ defects

Answer 2

genetics (common ones include monosomy X, triploidy, trisomy 16)

Question 3

Trisomy __ is the most frequent chromosomal issue

Answer 3

21 (down syndrome)

Question 4

40% of down syndrome babies have congenital _ defects and have an increased risk of this cancer and this neurodegenerative disease

Answer 4

heart; leukemia; alzheimer’s

Question 5

__ _ syndrome is the most common chromosomal aberration in early pregnancy loss

Answer 5

monosomy x

Question 6

Common turner syndrome issues include __ stature and ___ issues

Answer 6

short; gondal

Question 7

TORCH infections- prenatal infections with major issues

Answer 7

Toxo, other (syphilis, Parvovirus B19), Rubella, CMV, Herpes

Question 8

Preterm birth risk factors (4)

Answer 8

Preterm premature rupture of placental membranes
Intrauterine infection
Uterine, cervical, placental structural abnormalities
multiple gestation
UPIG

Question 9

Neonates weighing less than __ grams are low birth weight

Answer 9

2500

Question 10

Full term babies with low birth weight (small for gestational age) don’t have functional immaturity but have ___ __

Answer 10

growth restriction

Question 11

This is a significant complications of prematurity with the lung/respiration, it presents with breathing problems within 30 minutes of birth progressing to __. This is decreased in the lungs

Answer 11

hyaline membrane disease; cyanosis; surfactant

Question 12

This preterm complication affects the gut

Answer 12

necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 13

Hemorrhage here is a preterm birth complication

Answer 13

intraventricular hemorrhage

Question 14

CXR of hyaline membrane disease shows

Answer 14

ground glass appearance

Question 15

Hyaline membrane disease is compounded by

Answer 15

chronic neonatal lung disease

Question 16

NEC risk increases with decreasing

Answer 16

birth weight

Question 17

The ___ matrix lines the ventricles and is prone to bleeding and hemorrhage in preterm babies. What’s the timing of this disease

Answer 17

germinal; immediately hours after birth

Question 18

Wilms tumor is in the

Answer 18

kidney