Pregnancy Flashcards
Pregnant women have mechanical changes of the ___ __ and ___ to increase respiration; they’re also more congested due to ___
sternal angle; diaphragm; estrogen
Pregnant women increase ___ volume at the expense of the ____ volumes making them prone to respiratory issues. They also increase their ___ ventilaltion
tidal; reserve; minute
__ of pregnancy results in increased breathing and is benign
dyspnea
____ output can increase 40-50% during pregnancy
cardiac
Term uterus gets __% of the cardiac output
17
Maternal position can compress the ___ and make women feel tired/faint
IVC
Progesterone drops peripheral _____ ___
vascular resistance
___ murmurs are NOT normal
diastolic
Pregnancy increases __ volume and can cause
water; edema
The max blood volume for a pregnant woman comes at
30-32 weeks
Physiologic __ of pregnancy may be caused by higher ratio of __ to __ blood cells
anemia; white; red
Pregnancy is a ____ state (blood)
hypercoagulable
There is an increase in ___ (clot) during pregnancy too
fibrinogen
Progesterone dilates the ___ (retroperitoneal structure), causing an increased rate of infection in the right ___. It also decreases __ (protein)
ureters; kidney; creatine
Progesterone effects on GI emptying- __ emptying of the stomach and gall bladder, the latter of which may cause ___
slower; stones
LFTs are __ during pregnancy, and liver made proteins like certain clotting factors __
normal; increase
Nausea and vomiting may be caused by increased
hCG
Occiput anterior is the ___ position for a babies birth and its face ___
best; down
Labor is both uterine ___ with cervical ___
contractions; dilations
Cervical effacement is the breakdown of cervical ___ and the __ pull of the cervical tissue
collagen; upward
Prostaglandin E and F are important for contraction and are produced by the ___ and __
decidua; myometrium
The oxytocin gene is upregulated by
estrogen
Full term is from __ weeks to ___ weeks and 6 days
39; 40
The first stage of labor has the cervix dilated _ cm in the latent phase and then dilating _ cm/hour in the active stage
6; 1
__ is when the baby’s head enters the pelvic brim
engagement
In the second cardinal movement, the baby __ its head to get through the pelvis
flexes
Immediately post partum the excess __ must mobilize and may cause __ of the feet
fluid; edema
A complete 4th degree post partum tear extends all the way into the
rectum
Shoulder __ is when the shoulder gets stuck behind the pubic symphysis
dystocia
Three P’s of birth
Passenger, passage, position
