Breast Physiology

Question 1

Breasts develop from epidermal thickenings known as

Answer 1

milk lines

Question 2

Breast feeding allows for ___ __ of the child and promotes uterine

Answer 2

passive immunity; involution

Question 3

Majority of cancers develop in the

Answer 3

upper outer quadrant

Question 4

Breast lobules are held in place by __ ligaments

Answer 4

cooper’s

Question 5

Majority of blood supply to the breast comes from the

Answer 5

internal mammary artery

Question 6

Lymph and arterial drainage is __ to __ and the first sign of breast cancer is in the ___ lymph node

Answer 6

medial to lateral; axillary

Question 7

Milk originates in the ____ unit

Answer 7

terminal duct lobular unit

Question 8

Hormone dependent breast development events include ___ of ducts and parenchymal differentiation into ___

Answer 8

canalization; colostrum

Question 9

Ductal elongation in puberty is driven by

Answer 9

estrogen

Question 10

__ inhibits breast growth in males

Answer 10

testosterone

Question 11

Histologically during adolescence you see more ___ of the ducts

Answer 11

branching

Question 12

The __ phase of the menstrual cycle is the most mitogenic because of both E and P being present- breasts may be more ___ due to ___ during this phase

Answer 12

luteal; sensitive; edema

Question 13

Lobuloalveolar development is driven by which two hormones

Answer 13

progesterone and prolactin

Question 14

__ and ___ inhibit prolactin’s lactation effect

Answer 14

progesterone; estrogen

Question 15

__ (NT) inhibits prolaction

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

The baby’s suckling causes a neural reflex which inhibits ___ and increases __ allows milk flow

Answer 16

dopamine; prolactin

Question 17

__ are not required to sustain laction

Answer 17

ovaries

Question 18

What is the effect of unremoved milk in the ducts?

Answer 18

Increases acinar pressure and leads to apoptosis

Question 19

Ducts and glands are replaced by __ in menopausal women

Answer 19

fat

Question 20

Polythelia is excess

Answer 20

nipples

Question 21

Chest wall deformity and absent pec muscles is known as

Answer 21

poland syndrome

Question 22

____ is excess milk production non-lactating women or women who have stopped breast feeding over 6 months ago. Causes include __ and drugs

Answer 22

Galactorrhea; prolactinoma

Question 23

___’s syndrome is an infarction of the pituitary during pregnancy and women may lack postpartum milk production

Answer 23

Sheehan’s

Question 24

__ is overdevelopment of the male breast

Answer 24

gynecomastia

Question 25

There is a __ risk of breast cancer for each year menarche is delayed

Answer 25

decreased

Question 26

The more exposure to __ the more risk of breast cancer

Answer 26

estrogen

Question 27

Late childbirth is an __ risk of breast cancer

Answer 27

increased