Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BB 2 > The limbic system > Flashcards

The limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the limbic system involved in

A

Pleasure
Pain
Learning
Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the nuclei of the limbic system located

A

Medial aspect of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In simple organisms, what systems is the limbic system connected to

A

Olfactory and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the limbic system in the frontal and parietal lobes

A

Orbito-frontal cortex

Cingulate cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the limbic system in the medial temporal lobe

A

Parahippocampal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main blood supply to the limbic system

A

Anterior and posterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What blood vessel supplies the tip of temporal lobe and orbital cortex in some people

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is the anterior cingulate cortex activated

A

Pain and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the caudal anterior cingulate register

A

The quality of pain (how bad on scale of 1-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the rostral anterior cingulate register

A

What actions to take to deal with the pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does nociceptive information travel up

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does nociceptive information go once travelled up lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Parabrachial nucleus
Amygdala
Anterior thalamic nucleus
Anterior cingulate cortex and insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for processing the unpleasantness of the pain and its emotional consequences

A

Anterior cingulate cortex and insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What area of the brain is activated to ‘do something’ about the pain

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a cingulotomy

A

Procedure of cutting the cingulate fibres to disrupt the fibres passing rostro-caudally reducing the emotional distress of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What % of people report improvement post cingulotomoy?

What % didn’t need painkillers anymore

A

72% report improvement

50% report reduction for need of painkillers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex involved in

A

Reacted to an anticipated threat (eg actions to avoid more pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the behaviours associated with orbitofrontal cortex differ in people with OCD

A
  • In a difficult decision, person may be unable to respond to threat and ‘freeze’
  • Prolonged pressure to make these choices00> OCD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does the posterior cingulate cortex show activity

A

When recalling memories with emotional significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the parahippocampal gyrus lie

A

Medially and inferiorly on temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the parahippocampal gyrus involved in primarily

A

Acquisition of new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What 2 structures are the subcortical parts of the limbic system

A

Hippocampus and amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the hippocampus and amygdala located

A

Walls of the inferior horn of lateral ventricles

24
Q

What do the output fibres from the hippocampus form

A

The fornix

25
Q

What shape does the fornix follow

A

Curves upwards and round and over the top of the third ventricle

26
Q

Where does the fornix end up lying

A

Under the corpus collosum

27
Q

How are the fornices attached to the corpus collosum

A

By the septum pullucidum

28
Q

Where do the fornix axons end

A

In the septal nuclei and the mammillary body of the hypothalamus

29
Q

Papez’s circuit is required for the formation of what

A

Memories

30
Q

Describe the passage of information in the loop between the hippocampus and the limbic cortex

A

1) From cingulate cortex to parahippocampal gyrus
2) From parahippocampal gyrus to hippocampus
3) Along fornix to mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus
4) From hypothalamus to anterior thalamus
5) From anterior thalamus back to cingulate cortex

31
Q

What is observed if there is damage to any structure in Papez’s loop

A

Deficits in recall from memory (recollective memory)

32
Q

What are the mammilliary bodies important in

A

Include olfactory clues in memory of places

33
Q

Is memory stored in the hippocampus

A

No

34
Q

What are the current views of the hippocampus’ role in memory storage

A
  • Labels new experiences with time and place they occured
  • Transferring new memories to long term memories
  • Learning new motor skills
35
Q

What is anterograde amnesia

A

Loss of ability to store new experiences

36
Q

What is Kluver-Bacy due to?

A

Bilateral removal of amygdala

37
Q

What are the features of Kluver-Bacy syndrome?

A 
Psychic blindness
Oral tendencies
Hypermetamorphosis
Altered sexual behaviour
Emotional changes
38
Q

Where is the amygdala embedded?

A

In the anterior medial temporal lobe

39
Q

What does electrical stimulation of the amygdala produce

A

Panic, fear and terror responses

40
Q

What was the loss of fear seen in Kluver-Bacy monkeys attributed to

A

Removal of amygdala

41
Q

What could be regarded as the command centre for the autonomic nervous system

A

Amygdala

42
Q

2 main functions of the amygdala

A

Monitors and analyses sensory input

Activates fight/ flight response

43
Q

Describe the steps that begin with the amygdala and end with sympathetic activation

A

Amydala— Hypothalamus— Reticular formation– (via reticulospinal tract)– Preganglionic sympathetic neurones– Sympathetic activation

44
Q

What is seen if there is local bilatereal damage to the amygdala

A

Unable to identify fearful expression

45
Q

What is seen if there is complete bilateral damage to the amygdala

A

Unable if face was sad or extremly sad (eg)

46
Q

What brain structure is hypothesised to be damaged in autism?

A

Amygdala

47
Q

Inputs from which lobe enable to amygdad to detect if stimulus is associated with pleasure or pain

A

Temporal

48
Q

What makes up the ventral striatum

A

Accumbens nuclei
Septal nuclei
Basal nuclei

49
Q

Where do septal nuclei lie

A

At the bottom of septum pellucidum

Merges into basal nuclei of meynert

50
Q

What is the accumbens nuclei part of

a) anatomically
b) functionally

A

a) basal ganglia

b) limbic system

51
Q

What does the accumbens nuclei receive fibres as part of?

A

The mesolimbic dopamine pathway

52
Q

Where do fibres in the mesolimbic pathway project from and to

A

from the brainstem regions next to substantia nigra to the accumbens nuclei

53
Q

What are the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways

A

Part of a single diffuse system of dopamine neurones projectedd from VTA to limbic structures and to prefrontal limbic cerebral cortex

54
Q

What happens if you block dopamine pathways in accumbens

A

Stops pleasure

55
Q

What is the accumbens involved in

A

Initiation and termination of behaviours that trigger reward pathways

BB 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions