Deep brain stimulation Flashcards
Name the motor symptoms of idiopathic parkinsons disease
Rigidity Resting tremor Bradykinesia Gait freezing Balance problems
Name the non motor symptoms of idiopathic parkinsons disease
Lewy body dementia Drooling Loss of smell/taste Difficulty speaking/ swallowing Constipation Faecel overflow incontinence
Earliest sign of idiopathic PD
Loss of sense of smell
What is meant by parkinsons plus syndrome
Ocular symptoms (loss of vertical gaze)
Early onset cognitive problems and hallucinations
Severe and early onset postural hypotension
Does deep brain stimulation help the non motor symptoms of parkinsons
No
Name 3 common targets for DBS in PD
Subthalamic nucleus
Thalamus/ zona incerta
Globus pallidus interna
What are the 3 phases of deep brain stimulation
1) Electrode insertion
2) Pulse generator insertion
3) DBS adjustment
What happens during DBS
Creation of frontal burr hole and insertion of microelectrode
Stimulation of target and assess response
Insert permenant electrode
Connection of brain electrode to neurostimulator
What 2 other common conditions can deep brain stimulation be used for
Tremor
Dystonia
What are the targets for DBS when used to treat a tremor
Vim nucleus of thalamus
Zona incerta
Posterior subthalamic area
Do primary or secondary tremors respond better to DBS
Primary
Which 2 forms can dystonia take
Focal- one part of body
Generalised- whole body
What is the usual target for DBS in dystonia
Globus pallidus interna
What are the targets for DBS when used to treat pain
Sensory thalamic nucleus
Periaqueductal grey
Anterior cingulate gyrus
What is the target for DBS when used to treat epilepsy
Anterior thalamic nucleus
