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BB 2 > Drug dependence > Flashcards

Drug dependence Flashcards

1
Q

Define addiction

A

Chronic disease characterised by drug seeking/ usage that is compulsive, difficult to control and despite harmful consequences

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2
Q

Define drug dependence

A

Adaptive state that develops after repeated use

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3
Q

Define drug abuse

A

Pattern of drug abuse in which users consume drugs in a way that is directly/ indirectly harmful

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4
Q

Define physical dependence

A

Dependence involving significant physical- somatic withdrawal symptoms

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5
Q

Define physiological dependence

A

Dependence involving emotional motivation withdrawal symptoms

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6
Q

Define drug tolerance

A

Diminishing an effect drug can have after repeated administration

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7
Q

What receptor do opiates target

A

Mu and delta opiod receptor

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8
Q

What does cocaine target

A

DA receptor
NAd receptor
5-HT uptake system

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9
Q

What receptors does ethanol target

A

GABAa

NMDA

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10
Q

What receptor does nicotine target

A

Nicotinic receptor

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11
Q

What receptor does cannabis target

A

CB1

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12
Q

What receptor does ket target

A

NMDA glutamate receptor

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13
Q

What receptor do hallucinogens target

A

5-HT2a receptors

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14
Q

2 aspects of genetic basis to addiction

A

Occupancy of dopamine receptor when stimulus induces pleasure
Dopaminergic projection from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens is essential in drug dependence

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15
Q

3 stages of drug dependence

A

Binge (positive reinforcement)
WIthdrawal (negative reinforcement)
Preoccupation (conditioned positive and negative reinforcement)

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16
Q

How do drugs of abuse affect opiod-peptide dynorphin

A

Upregulation

17
Q

What is the effect of activating kappa opiod receptors (via drugs of abuse)

A

Triggers dysphoria by reduced dopamine release

18
Q

Acute effects of alcohol consumption

A 
Euphoria
Followed by depressed mood
Slurring of speech
Ataxia
Incoordination
Pupillary dilation
19
Q

Chronic effects of alcoholic consumption

A

Shrinkage of grey matter

20
Q

Name the cellular targets of MDMA (5)

A
  • 5-HT uptake system
  • Dopamine uptake system
  • 5-HT2 receptors
  • H2 histamine receptor
  • Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
21
Q

What molecule mediates the behavioural action of MDMA

A

5-HT

22
Q

Which 2 things mediate the psychomotor effects of MDMA

A

5-HT stimulation of dopamine release

Action of 5-HT1b receptor

23
Q

Is glucose metabolism increased or decreased in MDMA users

A

Decreased

24
Q

Symptoms of acute MDMA toxicity

A 
Temp increased
Disseminated intravasculalr coagulation
Rhabdomyolysis
Increased renal water reabsorption
Cerebral oedema`
25
Q

Consequence of MDMA overuse?

A

Loss of serotonin

26
Q

What receptors does cannabis bind to

A

CB1 and CB2

27
Q

Where are CB1 receptors concentrated

A

CNS

28
Q

What is the most abundant g protein coupled receptor in the brain

A

CB1

29
Q

In which brain areas in particular are CB1 receptors found

A

Neocortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, brainstem

30
Q

Where are CB2 receptors found and with what are they associated

A

Present in peripheral organs

Associated with immune system

31
Q

Risks of cannaboid use

A 
Shizophrenia
Major depression
Gateway drug
Paranoia
Memory problems
32
Q

5 key steps in managing addiction

A 
Detoxification
Psychological support
Medication
Evaluation and treatment
Long term follow up
33
Q

What is nalmefene

A

Used to reduce alcohol consumption

Opiate antagonist

34
Q

What drug can be used for nicotine addiction

A

Varenidine

35
Q

What are the long term effects of crack cocaine

A

Depression and anxiety
Cardio vascular
Psychosis
Decreased cognitive decline

BB 2 (28 decks)

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