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BB 2 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the cerebellum located

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

Does the cerebellum cross the midline

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the vermis

A

The part that lies along the midline

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4
Q

What divides the vermis and the lateral cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobe

A

Primary fissure

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5
Q

What branches mainly provide the cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar artery
AICA
PICA

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6
Q

What is the most common site of infarct in the posterior circulation

A

PICA

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7
Q

What forms the roof of the 4th ventricle

A

Nodulus

medial part of flocculonodular lobe

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8
Q

Describe the outer molecular layer of the cerebellum

A

Pale with mostly axons and only a few cells

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9
Q

Describe the middle layer of the cerebellum

A

Single row of purkinje cells

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10
Q

Describe the inner layer of the cerebellum

A

Granule layer

Thick and contains granule cells

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11
Q

Describe the dendritic field of purkinje cells

A

Dendritic field extends into molecular layer- fields are flat and lie across axis

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12
Q

What drives granule cells in the granule layer

A

Afferents from the cerebellum

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13
Q

Where do granule cell axons project to

What do they synapse with

A

Molecular layer

Purkinje cells

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14
Q

Where do purkinje cell axons project to

A

Deep nuclei of the cerebellum

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15
Q

What 2 things do mossy fibres activate in cerebellar circuitry

A

Granule cells

Deep nuclear cells

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16
Q

What do granule cells form and what is the result of this

A

Form parallel fibres that activate purkinje cells

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17
Q

Are purkinje cells excitatory or inhibitory

A

Inhibitory

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18
Q

What do purkinje cells inhibit and why

A

Deep nuclear cells

To modify their response to mossy fibre input

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19
Q

What kind of ‘loop’ in basic cerebellar circuitry

A

Feed forward inhibition loop

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20
Q

What are climbing fibres

A

Separate input system only into purkinje cells

Modify synapses between parallel fibres and purkinje cells

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21
Q

Input and output to cerebellum are via the…

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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22
Q

Does the superior cerebellar peduncle have input or output fibre,s or both?
From/ to where are fibres

A

Output only

Mainly to VL thalamus

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23
Q

Does the middle cerebellar peduncle have input or output fibres or both?
From/ to where are the fibres

A

Input coming from contralateral cerebral cortex and cranial nerves pia pons

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24
Q

Does the inferior cerebellar peduncle have input or output fibres or both?
From/ to where are the fibres

A

Input from spinal cord via dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts

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25
Q

Is the dorsal spinocerebellar tract ipsilateral or contralateral

A

Ipsilateral

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26
Q

What does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract carry information from

A

Proprioceptors

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27
Q

Is the ventral spinocereberllar tract contralateral or ipsilateral

A

Contralateral

28
Q

What information is carried by the ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

State of reflexes in spinal cord

29
Q

Describe the crossings of the ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

Contralateral in spinal cord

Recrosses in braintem to end up on same side

30
Q

Where do the deep cerebellar nuclei lie

A

White matter below the cortex

31
Q

The outputs from which nuclei are the only output of the cerebellum

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

32
Q

Name the deep cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral

A

Fastigial n
Glubose n
Emboliform n
Dendate n

33
Q

Which 2 nuclei are also known as the interposed nuclei

A

Glubose and emboliform

34
Q

What areas of the brain connect to the dendate nuclei

A

Cerebellar hemisphere and lateral part of anterior lobe

35
Q

What deep cerebellar nuclei processes data from the vermis and medial parts of hemispheres

A

Fastigial and interposed nuclei

36
Q

What does the flocculo-nodular lobe connect to

A

Lateral vestibular nuclei on pons

37
Q

Name the 3 ‘functional’ zones of the cerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

38
Q

What makes up the vestibulocerebellum

A

Flocconodular lobe and associated deep nuclein

39
Q

What makes up the spinocerebellum

A

Vermis
Cortex- just lateral to vermis
Associated deep nuclei

40
Q

What makes up the cerebrocerebellum

A

Lateral parts of cerebellar hemispheres (both anterior and posterior lobes)

41
Q

What are the functions of the vestibulocerebellum

A

Coordinates head and eye movements to ensure stability of gaze

42
Q

How does the vestibulocerebellum control balance of head on the body

A

Via the medial vestibulospinal tract

43
Q

How does the vestibulocerebellum control balance of the body on the ground

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

44
Q

Where are the motor commands to the neck and eye muscles sent

A

Via the medial longitudinal fasciculus and its caudal extension (medial vestibulospinal tract)

45
Q

Where do motor commands to the legs travel

A

Via lateral vestibulospinal tract

46
Q

Where are motor programmes for tasks to do with vestibulocerebellum stored

A

Flocculo-nodular lobe

47
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum

A

Controls locomotion and limb coordination

48
Q

Where does the spinocerebellum receive input from

A

Spinocerebellar tracts

49
Q

Where does the spinocerebellum tract send its commands down

A

Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts

50
Q

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum

A

Coordinates movements initiated by the motor cortex

Speech, voluntary movement of hands and arms and hand eye coordination

51
Q

How are flocculonodular syndromes characterised

A

Poor balance

Disordered eye movements (nystagmus, ocular dysmetria and poor visual persuit)

52
Q

What is truncus ataxia

A

Syndrome where a person is unable to sit on their bed without steadying themself

53
Q

Common cause in young children to have flocculonodular syndrome

A

Medulloblastoma

54
Q

Do people with flucculonodular lesions fall on side or opposite side to the lesion

A

On the same side

55
Q

What characterises spinocerebellar syndrome

A

Ataxia
Hypotonia
Tendon reflex changes

56
Q

What is ataxia

A

Loss of balance and coordination while walking

Patients experiencing ataxia as if intoxicated

57
Q

What is hypotonia

A

Generalised muscle weakness and fatigue

58
Q

In which group of people is spinocerebellar syndrome often seen

A

Chronic alcoholics due to lack of vit b

59
Q

What is neocerebellar syndrome

A

Damage to cerebellar hemispheres

60
Q

Name 7 symptoms of neocerebellar syndromes

A 
Loss of hand eye co-ordination
Dysmetria
Dysdiadochokinesis
Intention tremor
Dysarthria
61
Q

What is dysmetria

A

Inaccurate reaching out with intention tremor

62
Q

What is dysdiadochokinesis

A

Irregular performance of rapid alternating movement

63
Q

What is dysarthria

A

Slurred speech due to loss of coordination of muscles

64
Q

What are the causes of neocerebellar syndrome

A

Stroke
Tumour
Trauma
Degenerative diseases

65
Q

Why is it thought that alcohol intolerance mimims features of cerebellar damage

A

GABA-ergic inhibitory interneurones

Purkinje cells are GABA-ergic

BB 2 (28 decks)

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