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BB 2 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What % of the country is affected by schizophrenia

A

1%

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2
Q

When does the illness tend to emerge (age wise)

A

16-30

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3
Q

3 kinds of symptoms seen in schizophrenia

A

Positive
Negative
Cognitive

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4
Q

Examples of positive symptoms

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Agitation
  • Disorganised thinking
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5
Q

Examples of negative symptoms

A
  • Introversion
  • Apathy
  • Low self esteem
  • Personal neglect
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6
Q

Examples of cognitive symptoms

A
  • Poor memory
  • Attention deficit
  • Executive dysfunction
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7
Q

Describe the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

A

2 of the following (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking/ behaviour, negative symptoms)
At lweast one must be delusions, hallucinations or disorganised speech

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8
Q

Define catatonia

A

Variety of abnormal motor postures

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9
Q

What your following family member has schizophrenia, what is chance you will

a) sibling
b) identical twin
c) parents

A

a) 9
b) 48
c) 6

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10
Q

Name 4 genes associated with schizophrenia

A

BDNF
COMT
DAOA
Neuregulin 1

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11
Q

Which gene is most seen in schizophrenia

A

Dysbindin

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12
Q

What function are the following genes associated with shizophrenia

a) BDNF
b) COMT
c) DAOA
d) Neuregulin 1

A

a) Neurotrophic factor
b) Dopaminergic transmission
c) Glutamatergic transmission
d) Neuroplasticity

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13
Q

Function of dysbindin

A

May affect dopamine D2 receptor levels and glutamate and gaba transmission

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14
Q

Function of DISC1

A

Associated with neurodevelopment and signalling in corticolimbic areas

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15
Q

DOAO and BDNF are mainly associated with…..

A

Prototypical mood disorder

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16
Q

DISC1 and NRG1 are mainly associated with…

A

Prominent psychotic and affective features

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17
Q

What changes can be seen in brain MRI of somebody with schizophrenia

A

Larger ventricles and smaller mesial temporal lobe structures

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18
Q

What does an ERP represent and how can it be measured

A

Event-related potential (how brain responds to stimulus)

EEG

19
Q

Is there increased or decreased frontal activation in schizophrenia

A

Decreased

20
Q

What are the signs of progressive poor outcome of schizophrenia

A

Prominent temporal sulcus marking

21
Q

How are synaptic spines and dendritic complexity different from the norm in people with schizophrenia

A

Decreased synaptic spines

Decreased dendritic complexity

22
Q

What is the effect of hypofrontality on dopamine release

A

Leads to excessive striatal dopamine release

23
Q

Name the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in central nervous system

A

Mesocortical
Mesolimbic
Nigrostriatal

24
Q

Changes in which 2 dopaminergic pathways are associated with schizophrenia

A

Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway

Hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway

25
Q

State the mechanism of schizophrenia drugs

A

D2 receptor antagonist

26
Q

What was the first antipsychotic drug called

A

Chlorpromazine

27
Q

What kind of symptoms do anti-psychotic drugs treat

A

Positive

28
Q

Name some typical antipsychotics (5)

A 
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Flupenthixol
29
Q

Name some atypical antipsychotics (6)

A 
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Clozapine
Quetiapine
Paliperidone
Aripirazole
30
Q

Are typical or atypical anti-psychotics first choice

A

Atypical

31
Q

At which receptor do atypical antipsychotics also have high agonistic affinity

A

5-HT2

32
Q

Which receptor does clozapine block with high affinity

A

d4

33
Q

Which drug combins antagonist and partial agonist effects on different d2 receptor population

A

Aripiprazole

34
Q

What extra-pyramidal effects can be seen when patients take antipsychotifcs

A

Acute dystonias
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

35
Q

What are the other side effects of antipsychotic drugs

A 
Prolactin rise
Weight gain
Dyslipidemia
Type 2 diabetes
Postural hypotension
36
Q

Which anti-psychotics have anticholinergic effects

A

Clozapine

Haloperidol

37
Q

What are the advantages of atypical antipsychotics

A

Less EPS
Less cardiac toxicity
Less hyperprolactinaemia

38
Q

Side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A 
Weight gain
Hyperglyaemia
Insulin resistance
Dyslipidaemia
Cardiovascular disease
39
Q

Side effects of typical antipsychotics

A 
More EPS
Tarditive dyskinesia
Weight gain
QT interval prolongation
Sudden death
Hyperprolactinaemia
40
Q

What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A 
Hyperpyrexia
Muscle rigidity
Tremor
Confusion
Autonomic instability
41
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia

A

Involuntary movement of the lips, jaw, face
Grimacing
Constant chewing
Tongue thrusting

42
Q

Which antipsychotics can be offered as im injections for slow release

A

Fluphenazine

Haloperidol

43
Q

Which drug is the drug of choice in resistance

A

Clozapine

44
Q

Which receptor may be possible to potentiate the activity of to treat schizophrenia

A

NMDA glutamate receptor

BB 2 (28 decks)

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