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Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What % of the country is affected by schizophrenia

A

1%

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2
Q

When does the illness tend to emerge (age wise)

A

16-30

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3
Q

3 kinds of symptoms seen in schizophrenia

A

Positive
Negative
Cognitive

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4
Q

Examples of positive symptoms

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Agitation
  • Disorganised thinking
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5
Q

Examples of negative symptoms

A
  • Introversion
  • Apathy
  • Low self esteem
  • Personal neglect
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6
Q

Examples of cognitive symptoms

A
  • Poor memory
  • Attention deficit
  • Executive dysfunction
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7
Q

Describe the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

A

2 of the following (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking/ behaviour, negative symptoms)
At lweast one must be delusions, hallucinations or disorganised speech

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8
Q

Define catatonia

A

Variety of abnormal motor postures

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9
Q

What your following family member has schizophrenia, what is chance you will

a) sibling
b) identical twin
c) parents

A

a) 9
b) 48
c) 6

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10
Q

Name 4 genes associated with schizophrenia

A

BDNF
COMT
DAOA
Neuregulin 1

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11
Q

Which gene is most seen in schizophrenia

A

Dysbindin

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12
Q

What function are the following genes associated with shizophrenia

a) BDNF
b) COMT
c) DAOA
d) Neuregulin 1

A

a) Neurotrophic factor
b) Dopaminergic transmission
c) Glutamatergic transmission
d) Neuroplasticity

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13
Q

Function of dysbindin

A

May affect dopamine D2 receptor levels and glutamate and gaba transmission

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14
Q

Function of DISC1

A

Associated with neurodevelopment and signalling in corticolimbic areas

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15
Q

DOAO and BDNF are mainly associated with…..

A

Prototypical mood disorder

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16
Q

DISC1 and NRG1 are mainly associated with…

A

Prominent psychotic and affective features

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17
Q

What changes can be seen in brain MRI of somebody with schizophrenia

A

Larger ventricles and smaller mesial temporal lobe structures

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18
Q

What does an ERP represent and how can it be measured

A

Event-related potential (how brain responds to stimulus)

EEG

19
Q

Is there increased or decreased frontal activation in schizophrenia

20
Q

What are the signs of progressive poor outcome of schizophrenia

A

Prominent temporal sulcus marking

21
Q

How are synaptic spines and dendritic complexity different from the norm in people with schizophrenia

A

Decreased synaptic spines

Decreased dendritic complexity

22
Q

What is the effect of hypofrontality on dopamine release

A

Leads to excessive striatal dopamine release

23
Q

Name the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in central nervous system

A

Mesocortical
Mesolimbic
Nigrostriatal

24
Q

Changes in which 2 dopaminergic pathways are associated with schizophrenia

A

Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway

Hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway

25
State the mechanism of schizophrenia drugs
D2 receptor antagonist
26
What was the first antipsychotic drug called
Chlorpromazine
27
What kind of symptoms do anti-psychotic drugs treat
Positive
28
Name some typical antipsychotics (5)
``` Chlorpromazine Thioridazine Fluphenazine Haloperidol Flupenthixol ```
29
Name some atypical antipsychotics (6)
``` Risperidone Olanzapine Clozapine Quetiapine Paliperidone Aripirazole ```
30
Are typical or atypical anti-psychotics first choice
Atypical
31
At which receptor do atypical antipsychotics also have high agonistic affinity
5-HT2
32
Which receptor does clozapine block with high affinity
d4
33
Which drug combins antagonist and partial agonist effects on different d2 receptor population
Aripiprazole
34
What extra-pyramidal effects can be seen when patients take antipsychotifcs
Acute dystonias Parkinsonism Tardive dyskinesia
35
What are the other side effects of antipsychotic drugs
``` Prolactin rise Weight gain Dyslipidemia Type 2 diabetes Postural hypotension ```
36
Which anti-psychotics have anticholinergic effects
Clozapine | Haloperidol
37
What are the advantages of atypical antipsychotics
Less EPS Less cardiac toxicity Less hyperprolactinaemia
38
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics
``` Weight gain Hyperglyaemia Insulin resistance Dyslipidaemia Cardiovascular disease ```
39
Side effects of typical antipsychotics
``` More EPS Tarditive dyskinesia Weight gain QT interval prolongation Sudden death Hyperprolactinaemia ```
40
What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
``` Hyperpyrexia Muscle rigidity Tremor Confusion Autonomic instability ```
41
What is tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary movement of the lips, jaw, face Grimacing Constant chewing Tongue thrusting
42
Which antipsychotics can be offered as im injections for slow release
Fluphenazine | Haloperidol
43
Which drug is the drug of choice in resistance
Clozapine
44
Which receptor may be possible to potentiate the activity of to treat schizophrenia
NMDA glutamate receptor

BB 2 (28 decks)

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