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BB 2 > Pharmacology of pain > Flashcards

Pharmacology of pain Flashcards

1
Q

How many pain be treated

A

NSAIDS
Opiods
Adjuvant therapy

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2
Q

What drugs target to site of trauma

A

Local anaesthetics

Anti-inflammatory drugs

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3
Q

What drugs target first order neurones

A

Local anaethetics

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4
Q

What drugs target the dorsal horn

A

Local anaesthetics
Opiods
Alpha 2 agonist

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5
Q

What drugs target the brain

A

Opiods

Alpha 2 agonists

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6
Q

What pathway do opiods use

A

Supraspinal analgesia pathway

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7
Q

Name 2 endogenous opiods

A

Enkephalin and dynorphin

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8
Q

What 3 main receptors do opiods target

A

Mu receptors
Delta receptors
Kappa receptors

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9
Q

Describe the mechanism of action that opiods use

A

Reduced calcium influx

Reduced neuronal excitability

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10
Q

What is meant by peripheral sensitisation in terms of sensitisation

A

Decreased pain threshold at the site of injury

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11
Q

Define hyperalgesia

A

Increased response to harmful stimulus

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12
Q

What is seen in peripheral sensitisation

A

Primary thermal hyperalgesia

Primary mechanism hyperalgesia

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13
Q

What is central sensitisation in terms of pharmacology

A

Increased excitability at CNS neurones from prolonged activity

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14
Q

What is seen in central sensitisation

A

Secondary hyperalgesia

Mechanism allodynia

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15
Q

Define allodynia

A

Increased response to a non harmful event

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16
Q

What is the mechanism behind peripheral sensitisation

A

Ectopic impulse generation at injury site

Ephatic connections between injured and uninjured

17
Q

What do NSAIDs target

A

COX-1 and COX-2

18
Q

How do nociceptors stimulate second order neurones at dorsal horn

A

Release of glutamate and peptides

19
Q

Where does glutamate act upon

A

AMPA and NMDA receptors in spinal cord

20
Q

What is the result of persistent activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors

A

Altered gene expression
Increased intracellular calcium levels
Upregulation of prostaglandins and cox enzymes

21
Q

What is adjuvant therapy

A

Anti-depressant
Anti-epileptics
Used for neuropathic pain

22
Q

Name 3 useful drugs used in adjuvant therapy

A

Pregabalin
Gabapentin
Tricyclic antidepressants

23
Q

What receptors do drugs acts on

A

GABAb and alpha 2 delta calcium channels

24
Q

Give 3 examples of local anaesthetics

A

Lignocaine
Bupivacaine
Prilocaine

25
Q

What is the most common facial pain syndrome

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

26
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia

A 
Sudden, paroxysmal attacks of pain
Electric shock like
Stabbing
Sharp
Unilateral
27
Q

Most common cause of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Compression, distortion stretching on nerve V root fibres by branch of anterior or posterior inferior cerebellar artery

BB 2 (28 decks)

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