Symptoms of the mind Flashcards
Difference between neurological and psychiatric conditions
Neurological= disturbance of brain function causing symptoms of impairment of motor/ sensory system Psychiatric= disturbance of brain function with symptoms of altered thinking and behaviour
Define mental health
State of wellbeing in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with stresses of life and can work productively and fruitfully
Lifetime risk of mental illness
1 in 4
Define psychopathology
Study of all abnormal experience, cognition and behaviour
Define phenomenology
Study of subjective psychological events
Difference between normal stress and true disorder
Distressing Affect function Severe Longer in duration Out of context Out of socio-cultural norms
Name the categories found in the mental state exam (6)
- Appearance and behaviour
- Speech and form of thought
- Mood
- Perceptions
- Cognition
- Insight
What is covered in the appearance section of mental state exam
Age, sex, ethnicity
Appropriateness of dress
Signs of emotion
What is covered in the behaviour section of mental state exam
Appropriateness of interaction
Rapport
Eye contact
Movement/ posture
What is covered in the speech section of mental state exam
Rate
Rhythm
Volume
Spontaneity
What is covered in the mood section of mental state exam
Subjective and objective Sad Ability to enjoy things Sleep/ appetite/ energy Negative/ positive thoughts Self esteem
What is covered in the thought section of the mental state exam
Preoccupations
Worries/ anxieties
Delusions
What forms can thought interference take
Withdrawal
Insertion
Broadcasting
What is passivity phenomena
Feelings or actions experienced as made or influenced by external agents
Define illusion
False perception of a real external stimulus
Define hallucination
False perception in the absence of any real stimulus
What forms can hallucinations take
Auditory Visual Olfactory Gustatory Tactile
How can memory be tested
MMSE
Frontal lobe test
Other specific tests (parietal lobe)
What are the components of cognitions
Orientation in time/ place
Attention/ concentration
Define insight
Patients ideas about their condition and illness including health beliefs and attitudes to treatment
What are the signs and symptoms of psychosis
Thought echo, insertion, broadcast
Delusions of control of body
Delusional perception
Persistent delusional beliefs
Name 2 affective disorders
Depression
Mania
What are the features of mania disorder
Elated mood/ irritability Grandiosity (self regard) Energised, increased activity Pressure of speech Flight of ideas Reduced speech Disinhibited
What is meant by the term disorder according to ICD
Implies existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms/ behaviour associated in most cases with distress and inteference with personal functions
What are the advantages of categorising mental disorders
Diagnosis
Guidance for treatment
Patient explanation
Demystification
What are the disadvantages of categorising mental disorders
Labelling and stigma
Illusions of understanding something complex
Obscures socio-cultural factors
