THE LARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

the larynx is a complex organ of

A

voice production

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2
Q

it is composed of

A

9 cartilage connected by membranes and ligaments

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3
Q

larynx contains

A

vocal cords/folds

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4
Q

Located anteriorly in the neck

A

TRUE

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5
Q

vertebral level

A

C3-C6

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6
Q

Connects the inferior part of the oropharynx to

A

the trachea

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7
Q

Lies anterior to the

A

laryngopharynx

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8
Q

The secondary function is to

A

guard the air passages

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9
Q

3 unpaired cartilages

A
  1. thyroid
  2. cricoid
  3. epiglottic
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10
Q

3 paired cartilage

A
  1. arytenoid
  2. corniculate
  3. cuneiform
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11
Q
  1. thyroid cartilage
A

Is the largest of the cartilages

o Its superior border lies opposite the C4 vertebra.

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12
Q

The inferior two-thirds of its two plate-like laminae fuse

anteriorly in the median plane to form the

A

laryngeal prominence/ adam s apple

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13
Q

Superior horns attach to the hyoid by the

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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14
Q

Inferior horns articulate with the lateral surfaces of the

cricoid cartilage at the

A

cricothyroid joints

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15
Q

consists of which cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

The main movements at these joints are

A

rotation and
the gliding of the thyroid cartilage, which results in changes in
the length of the vocal folds.

17
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

consisting of a broadsheet posteriorly and a much narrower arch anteriorly (said to resemble a signet ring in shape).

18
Q

The cartilage completely encircles the airway, marking the inferior border of the larynx at the level of

A

C6

19
Q

It articulates with the paired arytenoid cartilages posteriorly, as well as providing an attachment for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage.

A

true

20
Q

The cricoid is the only complete circle of cartilage in the larynx or trachea. This is of clinical relevance during emergency intubation – as the pressure can be applied to the cricoid to occlude the esophagus, and thus prevent regurgitation of gastric contents (known as cricoid pressure or Sellick’s maneuver).

A

true

21
Q

It attaches to the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilage

by the

A

median cricothyroid ligament

22
Q

and attaches to the first ring of the thyroid cartilage by

A

cricotracheal ligament

23
Q
  1. epiglottic cartilage
A

Leaf-shaped,
consisting of elastic cartilage à
gives flexibility to the epiglottis,
a heart-shaped cartilage
covered with mucous membrane
o Situated posterior to the root of the tongue and the
hyoid and anterior to the laryngeal inlet
o Its broad superior end is free.
o Inferior end, the stalk of the epiglottis, is attached to
the thyroid laminae by the thyroid-epiglottic ligament
During swallowing, the epiglottis flattens and moves posteriorly to close off the larynx and prevent aspiration.

24
Q

A. arytenoid cartilages

A

The arytenoid cartilages are pyramidal-shaped structures that sit on the cricoid cartilage. They consist of an apex, base, three sides, and two processes

25
Q

Sits on cricoid like a hat, forming

A

crico-arytenoid joints à permit the arytenoid cartilages to slide
toward or away from one to another, to tilt anteriorly and posteriorly, and to rotate (critical movements
for vocal cords

26
Q

provides an attachment point for various key structures in the larynx:

A

Apex – articulates with the corniculate cartilage.
Base – articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
Vocal process – provides attachment for the vocal ligament.
Muscular process – provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles.

27
Q

B. corniculate cartilage

A

The corniculate cartilages are minor cartilaginous structures. They articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages.

28
Q

C. cuneiform cartilage

A

The cuneiform cartilages are located within the aryepiglottic folds. They have no direct attachment but act to strengthen the folds.

29
Q

corniculate and cuneiform

A

Appear as small nodules in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic folds.
o The corniculate cartilages attached to the apices of the arytenoid cartilages
o The cuneiform cartilages do not directly attach to other cartilages.
o Medial bump à corniculate
o Lateral bump à cuneiform