THE LARYNX

Question 1

the larynx is a complex organ of

Answer 1

voice production

Question 2

it is composed of

Answer 2

9 cartilage connected by membranes and ligaments

Question 3

larynx contains

Answer 3

vocal cords/folds

Question 4

Located anteriorly in the neck

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

vertebral level

Answer 5

C3-C6

Question 6

Connects the inferior part of the oropharynx to

Answer 6

the trachea

Question 7

Lies anterior to the

Answer 7

laryngopharynx

Question 8

The secondary function is to

Answer 8

guard the air passages

Question 9

3 unpaired cartilages

Answer 9

1. thyroid
2. cricoid
3. epiglottic

Question 10

3 paired cartilage

Answer 10

1. arytenoid
2. corniculate
3. cuneiform

Question 11

1. thyroid cartilage

Answer 11

Is the largest of the cartilages

o Its superior border lies opposite the C4 vertebra.

Question 12

The inferior two-thirds of its two plate-like laminae fuse

anteriorly in the median plane to form the

Answer 12

laryngeal prominence/ adam s apple

Question 13

Superior horns attach to the hyoid by the

Answer 13

thyrohyoid membrane

Question 14

Inferior horns articulate with the lateral surfaces of the

cricoid cartilage at the

Answer 14

cricothyroid joints

Question 15

consists of which cartilage

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage

Question 16

The main movements at these joints are

Answer 16

rotation and
the gliding of the thyroid cartilage, which results in changes in
the length of the vocal folds.

Question 17

cricoid cartilage

Answer 17

consisting of a broadsheet posteriorly and a much narrower arch anteriorly (said to resemble a signet ring in shape).

Question 18

The cartilage completely encircles the airway, marking the inferior border of the larynx at the level of

Answer 18

C6

Question 19

It articulates with the paired arytenoid cartilages posteriorly, as well as providing an attachment for the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The cricoid is the only complete circle of cartilage in the larynx or trachea. This is of clinical relevance during emergency intubation – as the pressure can be applied to the cricoid to occlude the esophagus, and thus prevent regurgitation of gastric contents (known as cricoid pressure or Sellick’s maneuver).

Answer 20

true

Question 21

It attaches to the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilage

by the

Answer 21

median cricothyroid ligament

Question 22

and attaches to the first ring of the thyroid cartilage by

Answer 22

cricotracheal ligament

Question 23

3. epiglottic cartilage

Answer 23

Leaf-shaped,
consisting of elastic cartilage à
gives flexibility to the epiglottis,
a heart-shaped cartilage
covered with mucous membrane
o Situated posterior to the root of the tongue and the
hyoid and anterior to the laryngeal inlet
o Its broad superior end is free.
o Inferior end, the stalk of the epiglottis, is attached to
the thyroid laminae by the thyroid-epiglottic ligament
During swallowing, the epiglottis flattens and moves posteriorly to close off the larynx and prevent aspiration.

Question 24

A. arytenoid cartilages

Answer 24

The arytenoid cartilages are pyramidal-shaped structures that sit on the cricoid cartilage. They consist of an apex, base, three sides, and two processes

Question 25

Sits on cricoid like a hat, forming

Answer 25

crico-arytenoid joints à permit the arytenoid cartilages to slide toward or away from one to another, to tilt anteriorly and posteriorly, and to rotate (critical movements for vocal cords

Question 26

provides an attachment point for various key structures in the larynx:

Answer 26

Apex – articulates with the corniculate cartilage. Base – articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage. Vocal process – provides attachment for the vocal ligament. Muscular process – provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles.

Question 27

B. corniculate cartilage

Answer 27

The corniculate cartilages are minor cartilaginous structures. They articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages.

Question 28

C. cuneiform cartilage

Answer 28

The cuneiform cartilages are located within the aryepiglottic folds. They have no direct attachment but act to strengthen the folds.

Question 29

corniculate and cuneiform

Answer 29

Appear as small nodules in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic folds. o The corniculate cartilages attached to the apices of the arytenoid cartilages o The cuneiform cartilages do not directly attach to other cartilages. o Medial bump à corniculate o Lateral bump à cuneiform