PHARYNX MUSCLE

Question 1

consists of 2 voluntary muscles

Answer 1

1. external circular muscle

2. internal longitudinal muscle

Question 2

1. external circular muscles

Answer 2

• Constrictor muscles
• Primarily responsible for constricting the pharynx during
swallowing
• Mainly innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus and the
pharyngeal plexus
• Middle and inferior constrictor muscles are also innervated by
the external and recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 3

The muscles of the pharynx are mostly innervated by the vagus nerve – the only exception being the

Answer 3

stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 4

The circular muscles contract sequentially from superior to inferior to constrict

Answer 4

the lumen and propel the bolus of food inferiorly into the esophagus.

Question 5

SUPERIOR PHARYNGEAL

CONSTRICTOR

Answer 5

1. It is located in the oropharynx.
2. PHARYNGEAL BRANCH OF VAGUS AND PHARYNGEALPLEXUS
3. CONSTRICT WALLS OF PHARYNX DURINGSWALLOWING
4. Originates from the pterygomandibular ligament, alveolar process of the mandible and medial pterygoid plate, and pterygoid hamulus of the sphenoid bone.
5. Inserts posteriorly into the pharyngeal tubercle of the occiput and the median pharyngeal raphe

Question 6

2. Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 6

1. located in the laryngopharynx.
2. Originates from the stylohyoid ligament and the horns of the hyoid bone.
3. Inserts posteriorly into the pharyngeal raphe.
4. PHARYNGEAL BRANCH OF VAGUS AND PHARYNGEALPLEXUS, PLUS BRANCHES
   OF EXTERNAL AND RECURRENT LARYNGEALNERVES OF VAGUS
5. CONSTRICT WALLS OF
   PHARYNX DURING
   SWALLOWING

Question 7

3. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 7

1. located in the laryngopharynx.
2. It has two components:
   a. The superior component (thyropharyngeus) has oblique fibers that attach to the thyroid cartilage.

b. The inferior component (cricopharyngeus) has horizontal fibers that attach to the cricoid

3.PHARYNGEAL BRANCH OF VAGUS AND PHARYNGEALPLEXUS, PLUS BRANCHES
OF EXTERNAL AND RECURRENT LARYNGEAL
NERVES OF VAGUS

4. CONSTRICT WALLS OF
   PHARYNX DURING
   SWALLOWING

Question 8

All pharyngeal constrictors are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).

Answer 8

true

Question 9

INTERNAL LONGITUDINAL LAYER

Answer 9

Elevate/shorten and widen the pharynx during swallowing and
speaking

• Palatopharyngeus
• Stylopharyngeus
• Salpingopharyngeus

• Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are innervated by
the pharyngeal branch of CNX and the pharyngeal plexus

• Stylopharyngeus is innervated by CN IX

Question 10

A. Stylopharyngeus

Answer 10

1. arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts into the pharynx.
2. Unlike the other pharyngeal muscles, it is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 11

B. SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS

Answer 11

1. arises from the Eustachian tube, inserts into the pharynx.
2. Innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). PHARYNGEAL BRANCH OF
   VAGUS AND PHARYNGEAL
   PLEXUS
3. In addition to contributing to swallowing, it also opens the Eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear.

Question 12

C. PALATOPHARYNGEUS

Answer 12

1. arises from the hard palate of the oral cavity, inserts into the pharynx.
2. Innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). (CN X). PHARYNGEAL BRANCH OF
   VAGUS AND PHARYNGEAL
   PLEXUS