THE IMPORTANT HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS(ALDOSTERONE)

Question 1

What are the hormones of the adrenal glands

Answer 1

ALDOSTERONE
CORTISOL
ADRENAL SEX HORMONES

Question 2

What causes the kidneys to conserve Na+ and H20, and to excrete K+?

Answer 2

ALDOSTERONE

Question 3

What do Aldosterone conserve?

Answer 3

Na+ and H20, and to excrete K+.

Question 4

The release of Aldosterone is stimulated by?

Answer 4

a decreased in serum SODIUM levels

Question 5

What do Aldosterone promotes?

Answer 5

tubular reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys
Promotes excretion of potassium and hydrogen

Question 6

The production of Aldosterone is controlled by?

Answer 6

RAAS

Question 7

For the reference ranges, complete the following.
A. Adult supine: ___________
B. Adult upright: ____________

Answer 7

3-16mg/dL
7-30mg/dL

Question 8

Aldosterone is higher in the morning or evening?

Answer 8

Morning

Question 9

Under RAAS, dehydration will cause?

Answer 9

decreased blood volume that will later on cause hypotension

Question 10

What organ produces RENIN?

Answer 10

Kidneys

Question 11

This enzyme converts angiotensin I to II?

Answer 11

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Question 12

RAAS, starts with a decrease in BP, therefore what will detect this?

Answer 12

Juxtamedullary apparatus

Question 13

What are the functions of Angiotensin II?

Answer 13

1. Potent vasoconstrictor
2. Stimulate adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 14

1. Potent vasoconstrictor = _________________

Answer 14

Increases blood pressure

Question 15

2. Stimulate adrenal cortex to release aldosterone = ______________?

Answer 15

increases Na+ and H2O resorption

Question 16

What are the clinical significance of aldosterone

Answer 16

HYPERALDOSTERONISM
HYPOALDOSTERONISM

Question 17

What are the types of Hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 17

Primary hyperaldosteronism
Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Question 18

What causes primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 18

aldosterone-secreting adrenal carcinoma
hyperplasia

Question 19

It is the abnormal increase of the number of cells causing enlargement of the organ

Answer 19

hyperplasia

Question 20

increased in the size of the cell

Answer 20

Hypertrophy

Question 21

This type of hyperaldosteronism refers to the adrenal glands are functioning properly however the problem in here is how the other organ systems respond to it.

Answer 21

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Question 22

What causes Renin-angiotensin system disorder?

Answer 22

excess production of renin
malignant hypertension
renin-secreting renal tumor

Question 23

What causes hypoaldosteronism?

Answer 23

1. Atrophy of adrenal gland
2. Symptoms of Addison disease
3. Congenital deficiency of 21 – hydroxylase enzyme

Question 24

This refers to the Reduction is cell size or number of cells that causes decrease in the total mass/ size of the organ

Answer 24

Atrophy of adrenal gland

Question 25

What is the symptoms of Addison disease?

Answer 25

Atrophy of adrenal glands with depressed production of aldosterone and glucocorticoids

Question 26

If a patient has an Addison's disease, what could the patient experience?

Answer 26

Hypoadrenalism

Question 27

Decrease secretion of both aldosterone and cortisol but with a high ACTH and MSH

Answer 27

hypoadrenalism

Question 28

What stimulates the secretion of Cortisol?

Answer 28

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 29

This enzyme converts steroid precursors to aldosterone and cortisol.

Answer 29

Congenital deficiency of 21 – hydroxylase enzyme

Question 30

What do Congenital deficiency of 21 – hydroxylase enzyme converts?

Answer 30

steroids precursors to aldosterone and cortisol.

Question 31

In aldosterone assay, what specimens does it use?

Answer 31

Plasma (fasting) Urine

Question 32

Levels in pregnant patients are ____________ higher

Answer 32

three to four times

Question 33

Collect 24hr specimen in _______________ to maintain ___________?

Answer 33

10g boric acid pH <7.5