PARATHYROID GLAND Flashcards
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
posterior of the thyroid gland
How many parathyroid gland are there?
4
What are the 2 types of cells that composes the PTG?
a. Chief cells
b. Oxyphil cells
TRUE OR FALSE:
Chief cells and Oxyphil cells has the same functionality
TRUE
Between the 2 types of cells that composes the PTG, which is more dominant?
Chief cells
What are the functions of Chief cells and Oxyphil cells?
- Synthesize hormones that are secreted by the PTG.
- They are responsible for storing PTH.
- They are responsible for the secretion of PTH
What are the 3 organs that PTG affects?
Kidney
Intestines
Bones
This refers to the abnormal elevation of PTH?
Hyperparathyroidism q
What do hypercalcemia promotes?
Kidney stone formation
This promotes kidney stone formation
Hypercalcemia
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypercalcemia?
- Fatigue,
- personality changes
- lethargy
Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by what?
Tumor
Cancer
Adenoma
This overstimulates the gland releasing PTH which will cause abnormal elevation of Calcium in the blood
Cancer
80% due to___________________?
parathyroid adenoma
In P. Hyperparathyroidism, __________ due to parathyroid adenoma?
80%
Primary hyperparathyroidism is seen in patients with?
Kidney and bone disease
What does it mean by Hypercalcemic state?
High PTH and high Calcium level
High PTH and high Calcium level
Hypercalcemic state
This is due to external factors s like Vitamin D deficiency Lack of Calcium absorption, or Low dietary states
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is seen in patients with?
chronic renal failure
Describe the PTH and Calcium level of Secondary hyperparathyroidism
High PTH however the Calcium level is low
What are the 2 types of Hyperparathyroidism?
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
This is due to injury of the PTG, and inborn errors of metabolism
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
The decrease in Calcium concentration may cause the correlated conditions?
Tetany and altered neuromuscular activity
A deficiency of blood calcium causes __________________ to ____________and produce action potentials spontaneously?
neurons and muscle fibers
depolarize
What are the SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH TETANUS AND ALTERED NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVITY?
Twitches (Involuntary muscle movement)
spasms and;
tetany of skeletal muscle
