PARATHYROID GLAND

Question 1

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 1

posterior of the thyroid gland

Question 2

How many parathyroid gland are there?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What are the 2 types of cells that composes the PTG?

Answer 3

a. Chief cells
b. Oxyphil cells

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE:
Chief cells and Oxyphil cells has the same functionality

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Between the 2 types of cells that composes the PTG, which is more dominant?

Answer 5

Chief cells

Question 6

What are the functions of Chief cells and Oxyphil cells?

Answer 6

1. Synthesize hormones that are secreted by the PTG.
2. They are responsible for storing PTH.
3. They are responsible for the secretion of PTH

Question 7

What are the 3 organs that PTG affects?

Answer 7

Kidney
Intestines
Bones

Question 8

This refers to the abnormal elevation of PTH?

Answer 8

Hyperparathyroidism q

Question 9

What do hypercalcemia promotes?

Answer 9

Kidney stone formation

Question 10

This promotes kidney stone formation

Answer 10

Hypercalcemia

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

Answer 11

1. Fatigue,
2. personality changes
3. lethargy

Question 12

Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by what?

Answer 12

Tumor
Cancer
Adenoma

Question 13

This overstimulates the gland releasing PTH which will cause abnormal elevation of Calcium in the blood

Answer 13

Cancer

Question 14

80% due to___________________?

Answer 14

parathyroid adenoma

Question 15

In P. Hyperparathyroidism, __________ due to parathyroid adenoma?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

Primary hyperparathyroidism is seen in patients with?

Answer 16

Kidney and bone disease

Question 17

What does it mean by Hypercalcemic state?

Answer 17

High PTH and high Calcium level

Question 18

High PTH and high Calcium level

Answer 18

Hypercalcemic state

Question 19

This is due to external factors s like Vitamin D deficiency Lack of Calcium absorption, or Low dietary states

Answer 19

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 20

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is seen in patients with?

Answer 20

chronic renal failure

Question 21

Describe the PTH and Calcium level of Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 21

High PTH however the Calcium level is low

Question 22

What are the 2 types of Hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 22

Primary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 23

This is due to injury of the PTG, and inborn errors of metabolism

Answer 23

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

Question 24

The decrease in Calcium concentration may cause the correlated conditions?

Answer 24

Tetany and altered neuromuscular activity

Question 25

A deficiency of blood calcium causes __________________ to ____________and produce action potentials spontaneously?

Answer 25

neurons and muscle fibers
depolarize

Question 26

What are the SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH TETANUS AND ALTERED NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVITY?

Answer 26

 Twitches (Involuntary muscle movement)
 spasms and;
 tetany of skeletal muscle