AMS Flashcards
What is the systematic name of amylase?
E.C.3.2.1.1
What is the chemical name of AMS?
a-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase
What does the amylase hydrolyze?
1,4-a-glucocidic linkage in
polysaccharides.
The only enzyme that can be found in the urine
Amylase
What is the MW of amylase?
45,000
What is the optimum pH of Amylase?
Optimum pH: 6.9 – 7.0 in serum
Without this, amylase cannot perform its duty.
Calcium
Where is the amylase secreted in the pancreas?
Acinar cells
Responsible in the hydrolysis of starch from the food
that we eat.
Salivary gland
Small amount of Amylase can be found
SEMINAL FLUID, TESTIS, OVARIES, FALLOPIAN TUBES, STRIATED
MUSCLE, LUNGS AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
first milk produced by a lactating
mother
Colostrum
it hydrolyses the 1,4-a-glucocidic
linkage to form the following 3 products:
a. Glucose
b. Maltose
c. Dextrin
What are the reactions catalyzed by amylase?
Starch digestion
Splits complex CHO made up of a-D glucose units
Inhibited by monoclonal antibody
Inhibited by protein isolated from wheat
Accounts for the 2/3 of the Amylase activity in
the normal serum
S-type Isoamylase
Fastest migrating in electrophoresis
S1 isoamylase
Inhibited by monoclonal antibody
Not inhibited by protein isolated from wheat
P-type Isoamylase (Pancreas)
What is the most common fraction type of isoenzyme?
P2, S1 AND S2
What p-type isoenzyme is predominant in cases of acute pancreatitis?
P3
Abnormal amylase in combination with Immunoglobulins
(IgA or IgG) or other high MW proteins can also bind to Stype isoenzyme
Macroamylase
What specific immunoglobulins do abnormal amylase combine to?
IgA OR IgG
Sudden inflammation of the pancreas causing
abdominal pain.
Acute pancreatitis
Predisposal for acute pancreatitis
Alcoholism
Cause of ACUTE PANCREATITIS?
Gallstone formation
Viral infection (Paramyxoviridae) that mainly
effect the parotid gland and the salivary gland
Mumps
Two-folds increase
Perforated peptic ulcer
Three-folds increase
Appendicitis
Mimics acute pancreatitis
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Tear in the inner layer of the aorta took place
Mimic acute pancreatitis
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
Example of billiary tract disease.
Cholecystitis
Four-folds increase in the
ULN of Amylase
Billiary tract disease
Improved the reaction stoichiometry – employ the
use of small oligosaccharide as a substrate.
CONTINUOS MONITORING METHOD
more controlled and consistent hydrolysis
conditions
CONTINUOS MONITORING METHOD
Saccharogenic is by?
Nelson Somoyogi modification by Henry and
Chiamon
-
Uses starch as a substrate
-
It measures the appearance of products
Saccharogenic
Hydrolysis of starch by amylase causes a decrease
in color intensity
Amyloclastic (iodometric method)
Starch attached to chromogenic dye to form an
insoluble dye substrate complex.
Chromogenic (Klein, Foreman, Searcy)
Counterpart of Amyloclastic because we are looking at the color intensity (pagkaroon ng kulay)
Chromogenic (Klein, Foreman, Searcy)
Measures the change in turbidity of starch solution
over a short reaction period.
Turbidimetry and Nephelometry (Peralta and Reinhart)
waste product of normal/physiological
muscle metabolism
Creatinine
Normal amylase/ creatinine ratio:
1.0% - 4.0% (0.01 –
0.04)
A:C ratio (Acute pancreatitis) =
> 4.0% (Up to15%)
Enumerate the sources of amylase
Pancreas
Salivary gland
Enumerate the most effective activators of amylase
Bromide
Chloride
HISTORICAL METHOD OF AMYLASE
Saccharogenic
Amyloclastic (Iodometric method)
Chromogenic (Klein, Foreman, Searcy)
Turbidimetry and Nephelometry (Peralta and Reinhart)
