ACID PHOSPHATASE Flashcards
What is the systematic name of ACP?
E.C. 3.1.3.2
ACP and ALT are both hydrolase. Therefore what do they catalyze?
Phosphate monoesters
TRUE OR FALSE:
The substrate of ACP will always have a “Phosphate”
TRUE
What is the optimum pH that ACP takes place?
<7 pH
ACP isoenzymes are divided into 2 groups based on?
Inhibition
This refers to the activity being stopped or inactivated.
Inhibition
What are the INHIBITORY CHEMICAL REAGENTS?
- 2% Formaldehyde
- Cupric Sulfate
- Tartrate
This is the commonly used inhibitory chemical reagents.
Tartrate
What are the 2 groups of Isoenzymes?
A) Tartrate Resistant ACPs
B) Inhibited by chemical reagents
What are the Isoenzymes that belongs to TRAP?
Bone & Red Blood Cell ACP
This is an isoenzyme that resists inhibition caused by reagents.
Tartrate Resistant ACPS
What are the Isoenzymes that are inhibited by chemical reagents (Tartrate)?
Prostatic ACP
Platelets, Granulocytes and Monocytes
All ACP activities are located in the _____________ of the cell.
Lysosome
This is an organ within the cytoplasm of the cell except for the RBC.
Lysosome
Why is ACP activity not found in RBC?
Because it has no lysosome. And all ACP activities are found within the lysosome.
What Isoenzymes belongs to bands 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5?
1 : Prostatic ACP
2 & 4 : Granulocytes
3 : Platelets, RBC’s and Monocytes
5 : Bone - osteoclasts
These Isoenzymes are inhibited by Tartrate.
Prostatic ACP and Granulocytes, Platelets and MONOCYTES
These are the major form in plasma
Platelets, RBCs and Monocytes
These Isoenzymes are resistant to Tartrate inhibition
Bone - osteoclasts and RBCs
What causes the ACP elevation?
Prostatic Isoenzyme and Bone Isoenzyme/TRAP
What is the most common cancer among men?
Prostate cancer
TRUE OR FALSE:
Any condition that originates from the prostate causes elevation of the ACP.
TRUE
Transcribe PSA
Prostate Specific Antigen
Which is inferior, ACP or PSA?
ACP. ACP is inferior to PSA
WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF ACP ELEVATION CAUSED BY PROSTATIC ISOENZYME?
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatic Infarction
Urinary Tract Obstruction
Carcinoid
Prostatic massage
What case is ACP related?
Suspected rape
For how long does ACP in semen last?
First 12hrs up to 4 days
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Pain in the lower back
Pain in the lower extremities
Headache if lifting heavy objects
Thus is a medical procedure where there is a stimulation of the prostate gland of males.
Prostatic massage
What are the purposes of Prostatic massage?
- To check if there are abnormalities caused by infection
- To check for abnormal cells (proliferating in the area)
- To alleviate pain
What condition is associated with prostatic massage to alleviate pain?
Chronic prostatitis
This refers to the exaggeration of osteoclasts activity because of the elevation of TRAP.
Active osteoclasts - mediated bone
This is a specialized WBC found in the bone matrix to maintain growth and hemostasis of bone development.
Osteoclasts
What are the roles of osteoclasts?
Bone formation
Bone resorption
Describe bone formation and bone resorption.
Bone formation refers to the formation of bone.
Bone resorption refers to the breakdown of bone matrix
This condition refers to the overstimulation of the osteoclasts causing an excessive bone resorption or osteitis deformance. Therefore, the osteoclasts activity is twice the ULN.
Paget’s disease
What are the symptoms of Paget’s disease?
Bone pain
Deformities of the bone
This is a rare form of Leukemia, whereas there is an over proliferation of the B lymphocyte.
Hairy Cell Leukemia
What cell over proliferates in Hairy Cell Leukemia?
B lymphocytes
What is the characteristic of the B lymphocyte if smear sample is observed under the microscope?
Hairy
What activity is utilized as a key indicator for the presence of Hairy Cell Leukemia?
Elevated activity of TRAP
This is the only disease that is not related to the bone. Whereas the presence of an abnormal macrophage is found in the spleen causing over expression of macrophage.
Gaucher’s disease
What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Gutman & Gutman?
S: Phenylphosphate
EP: Inorganic phosphate
What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Shinowara?
S: 4-nitrophenyl phosphate
EP: 4- nitrophenol
What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Babson, Read and Phillips?
S: Alpha-naphthyl phosphate
EP: Alpha-naphthol
What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Roy and Hillman?
S: Thymolphthalein monophosphate
EP: Free - Thymolphthalein monophosphate
Under Shinowara, there are reagents we used in the laboratory. What color is the substrate and product?
White : Substrate
Yellow : Product
In the measurement of ACP activity, it is measured via?
A. Chemical Inhibition
B. Prostatic ACP
Reaction is measured before the addition of Tartrate.
Total ACP
This refers to the reaction measured after the addition of Tartrate
Residual activity
What is the formula of Prostatic ACP?
pACP = tACP - rACP
Give the chronological order of ACP isoenzymes in terms of ACP activity. (GREATEST TO LEAST)
Prostatic ACP > Bone ACP > Cellular ACP (macrophage, PLT and GNLC) > Erythrocytes
Under prostatic ACP, this is the preferred substrate for quantitative endpoint reactions (Modified by Roy)
Thymolphthalein monophosphate
This is the most commonly used substrate and is used for continuous monitoring method.
A-naphthyl phosphate (Hillman method)
