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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > ACID PHOSPHATASE > Flashcards

ACID PHOSPHATASE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the systematic name of ACP?

A

E.C. 3.1.3.2

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2
Q

ACP and ALT are both hydrolase. Therefore what do they catalyze?

A

Phosphate monoesters

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The substrate of ACP will always have a “Phosphate”

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is the optimum pH that ACP takes place?

A

<7 pH

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5
Q

ACP isoenzymes are divided into 2 groups based on?

A

Inhibition

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6
Q

This refers to the activity being stopped or inactivated.

A

Inhibition

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7
Q

What are the INHIBITORY CHEMICAL REAGENTS?

A
  1. 2% Formaldehyde
  2. Cupric Sulfate
  3. Tartrate
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8
Q

This is the commonly used inhibitory chemical reagents.

A

Tartrate

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9
Q

What are the 2 groups of Isoenzymes?

A

A) Tartrate Resistant ACPs
B) Inhibited by chemical reagents

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10
Q

What are the Isoenzymes that belongs to TRAP?

A

Bone & Red Blood Cell ACP

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11
Q

This is an isoenzyme that resists inhibition caused by reagents.

A

Tartrate Resistant ACPS

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12
Q

What are the Isoenzymes that are inhibited by chemical reagents (Tartrate)?

A

Prostatic ACP
Platelets, Granulocytes and Monocytes

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13
Q

All ACP activities are located in the _____________ of the cell.

A

Lysosome

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14
Q

This is an organ within the cytoplasm of the cell except for the RBC.

A

Lysosome

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15
Q

Why is ACP activity not found in RBC?

A

Because it has no lysosome. And all ACP activities are found within the lysosome.

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16
Q

What Isoenzymes belongs to bands 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5?

A

1 : Prostatic ACP
2 & 4 : Granulocytes
3 : Platelets, RBC’s and Monocytes
5 : Bone - osteoclasts

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17
Q

These Isoenzymes are inhibited by Tartrate.

A

Prostatic ACP and Granulocytes, Platelets and MONOCYTES

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18
Q

These are the major form in plasma

A

Platelets, RBCs and Monocytes

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19
Q

These Isoenzymes are resistant to Tartrate inhibition

A

Bone - osteoclasts and RBCs

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20
Q

What causes the ACP elevation?

A

Prostatic Isoenzyme and Bone Isoenzyme/TRAP

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21
Q

What is the most common cancer among men?

A

Prostate cancer

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Any condition that originates from the prostate causes elevation of the ACP.

A

TRUE

23
Q

Transcribe PSA

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

24
Q

Which is inferior, ACP or PSA?

A

ACP. ACP is inferior to PSA

25
Q

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF ACP ELEVATION CAUSED BY PROSTATIC ISOENZYME?

A

Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatic Infarction
Urinary Tract Obstruction
Carcinoid
Prostatic massage

26
Q

What case is ACP related?

A

Suspected rape

27
Q

For how long does ACP in semen last?

A

First 12hrs up to 4 days

28
Q

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

A

Pain in the lower back
Pain in the lower extremities
Headache if lifting heavy objects

29
Q

Thus is a medical procedure where there is a stimulation of the prostate gland of males.

A

Prostatic massage

30
Q

What are the purposes of Prostatic massage?

A
  1. To check if there are abnormalities caused by infection
  2. To check for abnormal cells (proliferating in the area)
  3. To alleviate pain
31
Q

What condition is associated with prostatic massage to alleviate pain?

A

Chronic prostatitis

32
Q

This refers to the exaggeration of osteoclasts activity because of the elevation of TRAP.

A

Active osteoclasts - mediated bone

33
Q

This is a specialized WBC found in the bone matrix to maintain growth and hemostasis of bone development.

A

Osteoclasts

34
Q

What are the roles of osteoclasts?

A

Bone formation
Bone resorption

35
Q

Describe bone formation and bone resorption.

A

Bone formation refers to the formation of bone.
Bone resorption refers to the breakdown of bone matrix

36
Q

This condition refers to the overstimulation of the osteoclasts causing an excessive bone resorption or osteitis deformance. Therefore, the osteoclasts activity is twice the ULN.

A

Paget’s disease

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Paget’s disease?

A

Bone pain
Deformities of the bone

38
Q

This is a rare form of Leukemia, whereas there is an over proliferation of the B lymphocyte.

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

39
Q

What cell over proliferates in Hairy Cell Leukemia?

A

B lymphocytes

40
Q

What is the characteristic of the B lymphocyte if smear sample is observed under the microscope?

A

Hairy

41
Q

What activity is utilized as a key indicator for the presence of Hairy Cell Leukemia?

A

Elevated activity of TRAP

42
Q

This is the only disease that is not related to the bone. Whereas the presence of an abnormal macrophage is found in the spleen causing over expression of macrophage.

A

Gaucher’s disease

43
Q

What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Gutman & Gutman?

A

S: Phenylphosphate
EP: Inorganic phosphate

44
Q

What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Shinowara?

A

S: 4-nitrophenyl phosphate
EP: 4- nitrophenol

45
Q

What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Babson, Read and Phillips?

A

S: Alpha-naphthyl phosphate
EP: Alpha-naphthol

46
Q

What is the SUBSTRATE and END-PRODUCT of Roy and Hillman?

A

S: Thymolphthalein monophosphate
EP: Free - Thymolphthalein monophosphate

47
Q

Under Shinowara, there are reagents we used in the laboratory. What color is the substrate and product?

A

White : Substrate
Yellow : Product

48
Q

In the measurement of ACP activity, it is measured via?

A

A. Chemical Inhibition
B. Prostatic ACP

49
Q

Reaction is measured before the addition of Tartrate.

A

Total ACP

50
Q

This refers to the reaction measured after the addition of Tartrate

A

Residual activity

51
Q

What is the formula of Prostatic ACP?

A

pACP = tACP - rACP

52
Q

Give the chronological order of ACP isoenzymes in terms of ACP activity. (GREATEST TO LEAST)

A

Prostatic ACP > Bone ACP > Cellular ACP (macrophage, PLT and GNLC) > Erythrocytes

53
Q

Under prostatic ACP, this is the preferred substrate for quantitative endpoint reactions (Modified by Roy)

A

Thymolphthalein monophosphate

54
Q

This is the most commonly used substrate and is used for continuous monitoring method.

A

A-naphthyl phosphate (Hillman method)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (23 decks)

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