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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > OVARIES > Flashcards

OVARIES Flashcards

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1
Q

The ovaries is part of the?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

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2
Q

It is a Part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A

OVARIES

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3
Q

In the ovaries, what do the anterior pituitary gland secretes?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

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4
Q

What do follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates?

A

growth of the ovarian follicles
secretion of estrogen into the plasma

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5
Q

This stimulates production of hormone which stimulates production of progesterone during ovulation

A

luteinizing hormone

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6
Q

What do LH stimulates during ovulation?

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

What are the principal female sex hormones?

A

Estrogens and progesterone

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8
Q

What causes the Abnormal synthesis of estrogens?

A

Ovaries (primary disorder)

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9
Q

If the problem is in the ovaries, we called that a ______________?

A

primary condition

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10
Q

If the disorder originates from either the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, we called that a ________________?

A

secondary condition

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11
Q

Secreted by the ovarian follicles and by the placenta during pregnancy.

A

ESTROGEN

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12
Q

What secretes the estrogen during pregnancy?

A

ovarian follicles and the placenta

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Estrogen?

A
  • Estradiol-17B or Estradiol
  • Estrone
  • Estriol
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14
Q

Estradiol is AKA?

A

E2

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15
Q

It is the principal estrogen and the most potent

A

ESTRADIOL

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16
Q

Elevated or increased during reproductive years

A

ESTRADIOL

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17
Q

What is the importance of Estradiol?

A

Regulates menstrual cycle
Helps maintain reproductive health

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18
Q

Estrone is AKA?

A

E1

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19
Q

Also known as E1

A

ESTRONE

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20
Q

Weakest type or form of estrogen

A

ESTRONE

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21
Q

Aside from ovaries, estrone can also be synthesized and secreted by _____________ as well as ______________?

A

adrenal glands
fatty tissues

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22
Q

Also known as E3

A

ESTRIOL

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23
Q

Estriol is AKA as?

A

E3

24
Q

Mainly found elevated among pregnant women

A

ESTRIOL

25
Q

Lower levels for non-pregnant women

A

ESTRIOL

26
Q

What is the functions of the 3 types of estrogen?

A

Promotes development and maintains the female reproductive system

Develops and maintains secondary female sex characteristics

27
Q

during which children experience a significant increase in height.

A

“growth spurt,”

28
Q

To what sex is “growth spurt” more pronounced?

A

Females

29
Q

What is the main source of estrogen synthesis during pregnancy, making primarily estriol?

A

Placenta

30
Q

Placenta requires a precursor compound that can only be made by the fetal adrenal glands where the source of estriol comes from, the hydroxylated form of ___________?

A

DHEAS (16a- OH dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate)

31
Q

What do the placenta lacks?

A

enzyme 16a-hydroxylase

32
Q

This is used to assess fetoplacental status?

A

maternal estriol blood level/urine excretion

33
Q

refers to the condition of the placenta in relation to pregnancy and the fetus

A

FETOPLACENTAL STATUS

34
Q

FETOPLACENTAL STATUS allows us to evaluate the?

A

placenta’s ability to transport oxygen and nutrients to the fetus

35
Q

Abnormal fetoplacental status can lead to complications such as?

A

miscarriage or stillbirth
birth of preterm infants

36
Q

This refers to those born before completing 9 months of gestation.

A

preterm infants

37
Q

What are the causes of Hyperestrinism?

A

Precocious puberty
Infertility and irregular menses
Postmenopausal bleeding

38
Q

Pertaining to the onset of early development of the secondary sexual characteristics as early as 8 years old in females and 9 years old in males

A

Precocious puberty

39
Q

Observed among patients with polycystic ovaries, estrogen-producing ovarian tumors disorders of the hypothalamus or pituitary

A

Infertility and irregular menses

40
Q

This refers to the is lack of ovulation mainly caused by hormonal imbalance.

A

Anovulation

41
Q

What are the symptoms of PCOS?

A

▪ Unexplained weight gain (most
common)
▪ Excessive hair production
▪ Prone to acne: skin becomes too oily
▪ Hair loss

42
Q

Type of vaginal bleeding that occurs 12 months after no menstruation

A

Postmenopausal bleeding

43
Q

What is the menopausal age?

A

51

44
Q

What causes the hypoestrinism in females?

A

Ovarian insufficiency
Delayed puberty
Amenorrhea
Turner syndrome

45
Q

It can be primary or secondary to disorders of the hypothalamus or pituitary

A

Ovarian insufficiency

46
Q

Primary amenorrhea due to lack of ovarian function or secondary to disorders of the hypothalamus or pituitary

A

Delayed puberty

47
Q

o Absence of menstruation
o Occurs at menopause

A

Amenorrhea

48
Q
A
49
Q

Genetic abnormality characterized by partial or complete loss of the two X chromosomes that will lead to non-functional ovaries

A

Turner syndrome

50
Q

Secreted by the ovarian follicles, mainly the corpus luteum following ovulation, and by the placenta in pregnancy

A

PROGESTERONE

51
Q

What secretes the progesterone?

A

ovarian follicles

52
Q

It has a vital role in maintaining early pregnancy

A

PROGESTERONE

53
Q

What are the clinical significance of Progesterone?

A

HYPERPROGESTERONEMIA
HYPOPROGESTERONEMIA

54
Q

Too much progesterone. This can prevent menstrual cycle from occurring

A

HYPERPROGESTERONEMIA

55
Q

Causes infertility as well as the possibility of abortion of fetus

A

HYPOPROGESTERONEMIA

56
Q

characterized by estrogen stimulating growth of the uterine lining; progesterone levels are low

A

Follicular phase (first half)

57
Q

characterized by progesterone promoting endometrium tissue to accept the fertilized ovum; progesterone measurements clinically useful to confirm ovulation

A

Luteal phase (second half)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (23 decks)

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