The importance of the liberal PMs in Mussolini's appointment Flashcards
What three roles did Nitti hold during his premiership?
He became PM and minster of the interior on 23 June 1919, before adding the role of minister of the colonies a year later
What did Nitti’s cabinet have to deal with dissatisfaction over?
The Treaty of Versailles
How did fascists agitation come to a head during Nitti’s premiershhip?
When Gabriele D’Annunzio took control of Fiume
Why did Nitti find it difficult to keep government administration functional?
Due to the emnity between the fascists, communists and anarchists that came about as a result of their divergent views
When did Nitti resign?
16 June 1920, after less than a year in the position. He was replaced by Giolitti
Describe the changes to social policy during Nitti’s premiership
He set up a law creating compulsory insurance for unemployment, invalidity and old age
What was Nitti’s attitude to fascism?
He remained a deputy and offered open resistance to the rise of fascism, so was despised by Mussolini
What did Nitti say about the relationship between communism and fascism?
‘There is little difference between the two, and in certain respects, Fascism and Bolshevism are the same’
What did the fascists accuse Giolitti of in 1919?
Being part of an aggresive minority that had dragged Italy into ar against the wished of the majority
What happened during Giolitti’s final term as PM?
- He was PM during the bienno roso
- Increased worker occupation of factories led to an increased fear of communism
- This meant that the government tolerated the rise of Mussolini
Who did Giolitti enjoy the support of?
The fascist squadristi; he therefore did not try to stop their forceful takeovers of city and regional governments or their violence against political opponents
What land did Giolitti relinquish during his final term?
The Albanian territories gained in WWI, as a result of prolonged combat with the Ambanian irregulars
What forced Giolitti’s resignation?
Poor results in the 1921 election
How did Giolitti think the fascists could be dealt with?
He saw their discontent and frustration as rooted in self-interest and therefore believed his opponents had a price at which they could be turned into allies
What was the primary objective of Giolittian politics?
To govern from the centre with only slight fluctuations in the direction of conservatism or progressivism, trying to preserve the existing institutions and social order
