The Church

Question 1

What was the syllabus of errors?

Answer 1

Denigrated the ideas of liberalism and modern civilisation

Question 2

What happened to the church in 1866?

Answer 2

An increased tax burden was placed upon it

Question 3

What was the dogma of papal infallibility?

Answer 3

It was a proclamation that all of the pope’s pronouncements were indisputable

Question 4

When did Rome become the new Italian capital?

Answer 4

1870

Question 5

What did Pope Pius IX declare himself to be?

Answer 5

A prisoner of the vatican

Question 6

What did Pope Pius IX threaten to do to any Catholic who interacted with the new state?

Answer 6

Excommunicate them

Question 7

What was set up to try and limit clerical influence on the young?

Answer 7

A lay education system

Question 8

What changes did the liberal government make to marraige law?

Answer 8

Civil marraige was instituted, and those who had been marred in church were forced to go through a second ceremony infront of the mayor

Question 9

What were civil courts given the ability to grant?

Answer 9

Legal separation

Question 10

What was introduced by justice minister Villa in 1881?

Answer 10

The ‘divorce law’, which gave separated couples the right to remarry

Question 11

What type of morality did the state claim to represent?

Answer 11

A lay morality, based on liberalism, rationality and progress. This was novel in a country where morality had always been derived from the teachings of the church

Question 12

What type of religious life was suppressed?

Answer 12

The mendicant order

Question 13

What was type of religious practise was prohibited?

Answer 13

Pilgramages

Question 14

What was introduced for priests

Answer 14

Military service

Question 15

What happened to ecclesiastical estates?

Answer 15

They were expropriated and had their land sold off at auctions

Question 16

What was the major benefit of the seizure of monasteries and convents?

Answer 16

They were used to house official buildings in Italy, like schools, hospitals and prisoners

Question 17

What was the problem with the law of guarantees

Answer 17

It was simply an Italian law like any other, liable to appeal or amendment at any time; it did not even have the status of an international treaty. It meant the pope was beholden to the goodwill of Italian parliaments, therefore rejecting the laws and its compensations

Question 18

What was the law of guarantees?

Answer 18

Represented an attempt at compromise. Recognise a kind of papal sovereinty. The pope was accorded all the rights of a sovereign, including diplomatic representatives being accredited to them. He was proclaimed to be immune from arrest or trial. His person was declared sacred and inviable, on a similar footing to the King. Separate postal and telegraph offices were confirmed. The pope retained the Vatican and the lateran places in Rome, and his villa at Castelgandolfo. The pope was offered compensation for the loss of his territories, in the form of an annual payment of 3,225,000 lire

Question 19

What was the non expedit prohibitonem importat?

Answer 19

Catholics were formally forbidden either to vote or stand as candidates at parliamnetary election, although both were allowed and encouraged at local and provincial elections. It prevented the rise of any national conservative party with mass catholic support

Question 20

What was the new concordat?

Answer 20

Also referred to as the law of guarantees

Question 21

What did the government have the right to veto in the new Italy

Answer 21

Temporal (church) laws

Question 22

What did Roman Catholic clergy become subject to?

Answer 22

The laws of the Italian state

Question 23

What did the dogma of papal infallability state?

Answer 23

‘When the Roman Pontiff speaks, he is possessed with that infallibility with which the divine redeemer wished his church to be endowed’