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Neuroscience > The Human Brain II > Flashcards

The Human Brain II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 planes used in brain anatomy?

A

Coronal, sagittal and horizontal

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2
Q

What are the 4 major sections of the brain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
  • Diencephalon
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3
Q

What is the brainstem composed of?

A
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Mesencephalon
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4
Q

What does the pons have in association with the cerebellum?

A

Peduncles to the cerebellum

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5
Q

What does the pons have peduncles to?

A

The cerebellum

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6
Q

The brain stem has ______________ nuclei

A

“housekeeping”

Fulfil roles that are fundamentally important

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7
Q

What is the name given to the region at which ascending and descending pathway decussate in the medulla oblongata?

A

The pyramids

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8
Q

What occurs at the pyramids of the medulla oblongata?

A

Decussation

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9
Q

What are the nuclei found in the medulla oblongata associated with?

A

Control

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10
Q

What nuclei from the medulla oblongata have an input to the cerebellum?

A

Olivary nuclei

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11
Q

What is the inferior olivary nucleus involved with?

A

Motor control

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12
Q

What is the superior olivary nucleus involved with?

A

Hearing

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13
Q

Which olivary nucleus is involved with hearing?

A

Superior

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14
Q

What would large lesions in the medulla oblongata result in?

A

Death

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15
Q

The pons

A
  • Connects to the cerebellum via peduncles
  • Contains respiratory centres
  • Lots of fibre tracts
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16
Q

What does the cerebellum have to do with the fourth ventricle?

A

The cerebellum forms the roof of the fourth ventricle

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17
Q

What would you see if you took a parasagittal section of the cerebllum

A

Folia

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18
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellum?

A
  • Molecular layer
  • Purkinje cell layer
  • Granule cell layer
  • White matter of folium
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19
Q

What is arbor vitae?

A

The white matter of folium in the cerebellum

20
Q

What are the roles of the cerebellum?

A
  • Muscle tone
  • Coordination
  • Motor error checking
  • Learning (ride a bike)
21
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia?

A

When the cerebellum is inflamed or damaged. Leads to loss of cerebellar neurones giving jerky, imprecise movements

22
Q

What is a symptom of cerebellar ataxia?

A

Jerky, imprecise movements

23
Q

What is the mesencephalon classed as?

A

Part of the brainstem

24
Q

How is the mesencephalon associated with the cerebrum?

A

Cerebral peduncels

25
Q

What is the tectum (on dorsal side) of the mesencephalon made up of?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

26
Q

What do two pairs of colliculi make up?

A

Corpora quadrigemina

27
Q

The superior colliculi receives signals from where?

A

Retina

28
Q

The inferior colliculi is involved in what?

A

Auditory system

29
Q

What is the corpora quadrinogemina? Where is it?

A

Two superior colliculi and two inferior colliculi. Mesencephalon

30
Q

Which structures are present in the mesencephalon?

A
  • Substantia nigra

- Nucleus Ruber

31
Q

Which disease is the substantial nigra associated with?

A

Parkinson’s disease

32
Q

What are the substantial nigra and nucleus ruler important in?

A

Regulation of movement

33
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Set of nuclei in the brainstem

34
Q

What is the reticular activating system?

A

Set of connected nuclei involved in:

  • Circadian rhythm
  • Alertness
  • Emotion
35
Q

What is the diencephalon a part of? Forebrain, midbrain or hindbrain?

A

The forebrain

36
Q

What does the diencephalon link?

A

Midbrain and cerebrum

37
Q

What links the midbrain and cerebrum?

A

The diencephalon

38
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Processing and relay centre

39
Q

Which is the only sense that doesn’t pass through the thalamus?

A

Smell

40
Q

Does the thalamus have a role in motor output?

A

Yes

41
Q

Does the thalamus have a role in arousal and emotion?

A

Yes

42
Q

What is the pineal gland?

A

An endocrine organ which is a single structure

43
Q

What is the unique about the pineal gland?

A

It is the only brain structure that is not paired

44
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin and seratonin

45
Q

Roles of the hypothalamus

A

Wide variety of roles

- eating, drinking, sexual behaviour, stress etc.

46
Q

What would cerebellar lesions/ataxia lead to?

A

Loss of fine control, jerky movements

Neuroscience (26 decks)

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