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Neuroscience > Eye & Retina > Flashcards

Eye & Retina Flashcards

1
Q

What is light?

A

Visible electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

What is the canal of Schlemm?

A

Drains fluid produced from ciliary bodies around the lens

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3
Q

What is the refractive index of air?

A

1

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4
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Cloudy lens

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5
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Increased eye pressure, reduced blood supply leads to retinal degeneration

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6
Q

What does the iris do?

A
  • Regulates light levels
  • Pupillary constrictor
  • Pupillary dilator
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7
Q

What kind of muscle aids in the iris during pupillary constriction?

A

Smooth circular muscle

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8
Q

What kind of muscle aids in the iris during pupillary dilation?

A

Smooth radial muscle

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9
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Occulomotor

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10
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

Near response

A

When you bring an object closer to your eye

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12
Q

What is miosis?

A

Constriction of the pupils of the eyes

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13
Q

What is special about the retinas in molluscs?

A

Retina is built right way round so no image flipping

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14
Q

Define scotopic

A

Vision in low light - low sensitive

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15
Q

Define photopic

A

Vision in daylight - less light sensitive

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16
Q

Cones or rod scotopic?

A

Cones

17
Q

Are rods photopic or scotopic?

A

Photopic

18
Q

What is the duplicity theory?

A

Can’t have high sensitivity and high resolution in a single receptor therefore separate systems for colour and monochrome

19
Q

Which photopigment is present in rods?

A

Rhodopsin

20
Q

Which photopigment is present in cones?

A

Photopsin

21
Q

Rods or cones for colour?

A

Cones

22
Q

Phototransduction

A

In physical notes lol cry

23
Q

What happens to Na+ channels in the photoreceptors that release glutamate in the light? What does this do?

A

They close thus hyper polarising the receptors, stops inhibiting by glutatmate

24
Q

When is there no glutamate release?

A

In the light

25
Q

When is glutamate released and what does it inhibit?

A

In the dark and inhibits bipolar cells

26
Q

“On” bipolar cells

A
  • Hyperpolarised in the dark
  • Depolarised by illumination
  • Glutamte inhibits via metabotropic glutamate receptors
    Conductance increases in light as loss of inhibition by glutamate
27
Q

“Off” bipolar cells

A
  • Depolarised in dark
  • Hyperpolarised by illumination
  • Glutamate excites via inotropic glutamate receptors
    Conductance decreases in light
28
Q

Which kind of bipolar cells are hyper polarised in the dark?

A

ON bipolar cells

29
Q

Retinal ganglion cell types

A
  • X -mainly cones
  • W -mainly from rods
  • Y -inputs less defined
  • Melanopsin RGCs
30
Q

Rods and cones are the only type of photoreceptive cells in the retina: true or false?

A

False, refer to EEG and sleep

31
Q

What does light cause photoreceptor Na+ channels to do?

A

Close

Neuroscience (26 decks)

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