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Neuroscience > Myelin & Myelination > Flashcards

Myelin & Myelination Flashcards

1
Q

What myelinates in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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2
Q

What myelinates in the CNS?

A

Oligodendorcytes

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3
Q

What do Schwann cells myelinated?

A

Individual axons, can surround other neurones without myelinating them

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4
Q

What do oligodendrocytes myelinate?

A

Several axons/ Part of axons

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5
Q

What is the major period line of the Schwann cell?

A

Linked internal proteins (dark). Inner protein coat

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6
Q

What is the intraperiod line of the Schwann cell?

A

Linked external proteins (faint). Outer protein coats

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7
Q

Is the major period line dark or faint?

A

Dark

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8
Q

Which line in Schwann cells is faint?

A

Intraperiod line

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9
Q

What is periodicity in terms of Schwann cells?

A

Distance between two lines

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10
Q

Greater periodicity in PNS or CNS?

A

In PNS

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11
Q

What is the composition of myelin?

A

Water
Dry lipid (mainly this)
Protein

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12
Q

What is a cerebroside?

A

Any of a group of complex lipids present in the sheaths of nerve fibres

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13
Q

What happens in cerebroside knockout mice?

A

Myelin forms but develops vacuoles –> paralysis

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14
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has less cerebrosides?

A

PNS

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15
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has more sphingomyelin?

A

CNS

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16
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has less sulfotides?

A

PNS

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17
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has more cerebrosides?

A

CNS

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18
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has myelin basic protein (MBP)?

A

CNS

19
Q

PNS vs CNS: which has proteolipid protein (PLP)?

A

CNS

20
Q

Which proteins are found in CNS myelin that aren’t in the PNS?

A
  • Myelin basic protein

- Proteolipid protein

21
Q

What can myelin basic protein induce?

A

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)

22
Q

What is experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by?

A

Myelin basic protein

23
Q

What is experimental allergic encephalomyelitis a model for?

A

Multiple sclerosis

24
Q

What is a natural mutation that can cause EAE?

A

“Shiverer” mutation

25
Q

What is a natural mutation that affects proteolipid protein?

A

“Jimpy” in mice

26
Q

What does the jimpy mutation cause?

A

Little production of myelin –> die early, severe loss of oligos
PLP produced is toxic

27
Q

What is the PLP produced like in jimpy mice?

A

Toxic PLP produced

28
Q

PLP knockout mice or rumpshaker mutants have a stronger or milder phenotype?

A

Milder

29
Q

What kind of mice produce a milder phenotype than jimpy mice?

A

KO mice or rumpshaker mutants

30
Q

Give some examples of proteins other than MBP and PLP in CNS myelin

A 
Enzymes 
- cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
- proteases
- lipid metabolism
- carbonic anhydrase
Ig-like molecules
- MOG and MAG
- oligo-axon communication
31
Q

What proteins are found in PNS myelin?

A
  • P0
  • MBP
  • PMP-22
32
Q

Which gene codes for P0?

A

mpz

33
Q

Which syndrome is associated with P0?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth snydrome

34
Q

What is the onset of MS?

A

20-40s

35
Q

What does an MRI of a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis show?

A

Shows plaques - areas of demyelination

36
Q

What kind of demyelination occurs in MS?

A

Primary demyelination which is axon-sparing

37
Q

MS is more common in ____________

A

Caucasians

38
Q

Autoimmunity and MS

A
  • Clear inflammatory response
  • No clear evidence for specific auto antigen
  • Macrophage and protease activity degrades myelin
39
Q

What is used to treat MS?

A
  • Steroids
  • Interferons
  • Immune suppressants
  • Haemopoietic stem cells
  • Dietary i.e. vitamin D
40
Q

What is Guillan-Barre syndrome caused by?

A
  • Post viral/bacterial infection

Campylobacter jejuni

41
Q

What can infection by campylobacter jejuni cause?

A

Guuillan-Barre syndrome

42
Q

What is primary demyelination?

A

Segmental myelin damage without primary changes in the axon

43
Q

What is secondary demyelination?

A

Both the axoplasm and myelin undergo necrosis

Neuroscience (26 decks)

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