Cerebrum Flashcards
What are the twists observed in the brain structure called?
Gyri
What are the grooves observed in the brain structure called?
Sulci
What are the 6 lobes of the brain and which can be seen from outside?
Visible from outside:
- Occipital
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
Medial lobes:
- Insula/Central
- Limbic
What is the cortical structure/layers of neocortex?
lateral –> medial
- Molecular layer
- External granular layer
- External pyramidal layer
- Internal granular layer
- Internal pyramidal layer
- Fusiform layer
Give an example of a region of the brain which doesn’t have neocortex
Hippocampus
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer layer of the cerebrum (grey matter)
How was the cerebral cortex mapped?
Via lesions and direct stimulation and toking at damage and its effects
Damage to which lobe is associated with Broca’s aphasia?
Left frontal lobe
What type of aphasia if Broca’s ? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms
Expressive aphasia
impaired speed; grammar, syntax word structure
Left frontal lobe damage is associated with which aphasia?
Broca’s aphasia
Damage to which lobe is associated with Wernicke’s aphasia?
Posterior temporal lobe
What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms
Receptive aphasia
Comprehension of language and speech - fluent speech but made up words
Lateralisation of the brain: Left hemisphere
- Speech
- Calculation
- Analysis
Lateralisation of the brain: Right hemisphere
- Spatial
- Conceptial
- Artistic
How does lateralisation of the brain occur?
Differential hemisphere gene expression in development
What are the basal ganglia often associated with?
Voluntary movement
What are basal ganglia?
Group of subcortical nuclei
What are the components of the basal ganglia?
- Corpus striatum; caudate and putamen
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substantia nigra
- Globus pallidus
What makes up the corpus striatum?
Caudate and putamen nuclei
Which diseases are often associated with basal ganglia?
Parkinson’s and Huntington’s
What is the limbic system involved in?
Memory, emotions, motivation, pain?. Things that aren’t quantifiable
What is the limbic system composed of?
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Reticular formation
What is the amygdala associated with?
Learned fears
What are the 3 classes of cerebral fibre tracts?
- Association fibres
- Commissural fibres
- Projection fibres
What do association fibres link?
Areas within a hemisphere
What do commissural fibres link?
Connect between hemispheres
What do projection fibres link?
Areas in cerebral hemispheres to non-cortical areas
Give an example of an association fibre
Arcuate fibres, longitudinal fasciculi
Give an example of an commissural fibre
Corpus callosum, anterior commisure
Give an example of an projection fibre
internal capsule
