Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the twists observed in the brain structure called?

A

Gyri

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2
Q

What are the grooves observed in the brain structure called?

A

Sulci

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3
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the brain and which can be seen from outside?

A

Visible from outside:

  • Occipital
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal

Medial lobes:

  • Insula/Central
  • Limbic
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4
Q

What is the cortical structure/layers of neocortex?

lateral –> medial

A
  • Molecular layer
  • External granular layer
  • External pyramidal layer
  • Internal granular layer
  • Internal pyramidal layer
  • Fusiform layer
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5
Q

Give an example of a region of the brain which doesn’t have neocortex

A

Hippocampus

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6
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer layer of the cerebrum (grey matter)

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7
Q

How was the cerebral cortex mapped?

A

Via lesions and direct stimulation and toking at damage and its effects

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8
Q

Damage to which lobe is associated with Broca’s aphasia?

A

Left frontal lobe

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9
Q

What type of aphasia if Broca’s ? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms

A

Expressive aphasia

impaired speed; grammar, syntax word structure

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10
Q

Left frontal lobe damage is associated with which aphasia?

A

Broca’s aphasia

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11
Q

Damage to which lobe is associated with Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Posterior temporal lobe

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12
Q

What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms

A

Receptive aphasia

Comprehension of language and speech - fluent speech but made up words

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13
Q

Lateralisation of the brain: Left hemisphere

A
  • Speech
  • Calculation
  • Analysis
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14
Q

Lateralisation of the brain: Right hemisphere

A
  • Spatial
  • Conceptial
  • Artistic
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15
Q

How does lateralisation of the brain occur?

A

Differential hemisphere gene expression in development

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16
Q

What are the basal ganglia often associated with?

A

Voluntary movement

17
Q

What are basal ganglia?

A

Group of subcortical nuclei

18
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

A
  • Corpus striatum; caudate and putamen
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia nigra
  • Globus pallidus
19
Q

What makes up the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate and putamen nuclei

20
Q

Which diseases are often associated with basal ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s and Huntington’s

21
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Memory, emotions, motivation, pain?. Things that aren’t quantifiable

22
Q

What is the limbic system composed of?

A
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Reticular formation
23
Q

What is the amygdala associated with?

A

Learned fears

24
Q

What are the 3 classes of cerebral fibre tracts?

A
  • Association fibres
  • Commissural fibres
  • Projection fibres
25
What do association fibres link?
Areas within a hemisphere
26
What do commissural fibres link?
Connect between hemispheres
27
What do projection fibres link?
Areas in cerebral hemispheres to non-cortical areas
28
Give an example of an association fibre
Arcuate fibres, longitudinal fasciculi
29
Give an example of an commissural fibre
Corpus callosum, anterior commisure
30
Give an example of an projection fibre
internal capsule