Cerebrum

Question 1

What are the twists observed in the brain structure called?

Answer 1

Gyri

Question 2

What are the grooves observed in the brain structure called?

Answer 2

Sulci

Question 3

What are the 6 lobes of the brain and which can be seen from outside?

Answer 3

Visible from outside:

• Occipital
• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal

Medial lobes:

• Insula/Central
• Limbic

Question 4

What is the cortical structure/layers of neocortex?

lateral –> medial

Answer 4

• Molecular layer
• External granular layer
• External pyramidal layer
• Internal granular layer
• Internal pyramidal layer
• Fusiform layer

Question 5

Give an example of a region of the brain which doesn’t have neocortex

Answer 5

Hippocampus

Question 6

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 6

The outer layer of the cerebrum (grey matter)

Question 7

How was the cerebral cortex mapped?

Answer 7

Via lesions and direct stimulation and toking at damage and its effects

Question 8

Damage to which lobe is associated with Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 8

Left frontal lobe

Question 9

What type of aphasia if Broca’s ? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms

Answer 9

Expressive aphasia

impaired speed; grammar, syntax word structure

Question 10

Left frontal lobe damage is associated with which aphasia?

Answer 10

Broca’s aphasia

Question 11

Damage to which lobe is associated with Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 11

Posterior temporal lobe

Question 12

What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s? Give an example of diagnostic symptoms

Answer 12

Receptive aphasia

Comprehension of language and speech - fluent speech but made up words

Question 13

Lateralisation of the brain: Left hemisphere

Answer 13

• Speech
• Calculation
• Analysis

Question 14

Lateralisation of the brain: Right hemisphere

Answer 14

• Spatial
• Conceptial
• Artistic

Question 15

How does lateralisation of the brain occur?

Answer 15

Differential hemisphere gene expression in development

Question 16

What are the basal ganglia often associated with?

Answer 16

Voluntary movement

Question 17

What are basal ganglia?

Answer 17

Group of subcortical nuclei

Question 18

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

• Corpus striatum; caudate and putamen
• Subthalamic nucleus
• Substantia nigra
• Globus pallidus

Question 19

What makes up the corpus striatum?

Answer 19

Caudate and putamen nuclei

Question 20

Which diseases are often associated with basal ganglia?

Answer 20

Parkinson’s and Huntington’s

Question 21

What is the limbic system involved in?

Answer 21

Memory, emotions, motivation, pain?. Things that aren’t quantifiable

Question 22

What is the limbic system composed of?

Answer 22

• Hippocampus
• Amygdala
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Reticular formation

Question 23

What is the amygdala associated with?

Answer 23

Learned fears

Question 24

What are the 3 classes of cerebral fibre tracts?

Answer 24

• Association fibres
• Commissural fibres
• Projection fibres

Question 25

What do association fibres link?

Answer 25

Areas within a hemisphere

Question 26

What do commissural fibres link?

Answer 26

Connect between hemispheres

Question 27

What do projection fibres link?

Answer 27

Areas in cerebral hemispheres to non-cortical areas

Question 28

Give an example of an association fibre

Answer 28

Arcuate fibres, longitudinal fasciculi

Question 29

Give an example of an commissural fibre

Answer 29

Corpus callosum, anterior commisure

Question 30

Give an example of an projection fibre

Answer 30

internal capsule