Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Neurotransmitters II > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters II Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of catecholamines

A

Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the more common name for 5-HT?

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is acetylcholine associated with?

A
  • Memory
  • Coordination
  • Sleep cycle
  • Mood
  • Aggression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reaction to form ACh

A

Acetyl CoA + Choline ——–> Ach

Requires choline acetyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reaction to break down ACh

A

Ach ———> Choline + Acetic acid

Requires acetylcholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which neurotransmitter is lost in Alzheimer’s?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 ways to interfering with ACh

A
  • Prevent release
  • AChE inhibitors
  • Block ACh receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which organism can cause botulism and prevent the release of ACh?

A

Black widow spider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of chemical that blocks nicotinic ACh receptors

A

Curare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of chemical that blocks muscarinic ACh receptors

A

Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference between muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors

A

Muscarinic receptors are G-protein couple

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gatedd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the catecholamine system?

A

Regions of nervous system associated with movement, mood, attention, visceral function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can tyrosine be converted to? Give example of well-known middle man

A

Epinephrine

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A
  • Temor
  • Rigidity
  • Monotonous slurred speech
  • Akinesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Do people suffering from Parkinson’s disease lose sensation?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pathology of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Deeneration of substantial nigra

- Use dopamine for imaging in PET scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nigrostitial pathway

A

Striatum can be considered as a system that inhibits motor function
Dopamine via D2 receptors inhibits cells of striation - disinhibition
In Parkinson’s inhibition is lost therefor, increase in inhibition of motor function from striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the striatum inhibit?

A

Motor function

19
Q

What inhibits the striatum in normal function?

A

Dopamine via D2 receptors

20
Q

Treatment of Parkinson’s disease

A
  • L-Dopa
  • Reserpine
  • Amphetamine
  • Cocaine
  • D2 agonists
  • MAO(B) inhibitors
21
Q

How can cocaine treat Parkinson’s disease?

A

Blocks reuptake so increases dopamine stimulation. Can also treat schizophrenia

22
Q

L-Dopa treatment

A

Use perisperhal DDC inhibitor to stop side effects but long-term treatments will lead to problems as tolerance develops

23
Q

What is chronic L-Dopa syndrome? What is it caused by?

A

Dopa-induced dyskinesias fluctuating with sudden and severe immobility
Caused by long-term use of L-dopa as treatment

24
Q

What is dyskinesia?

A

Abnormality/Impairment of voluntary movement

25
Q

What is the dopamine system composed of?

A

Dopamine and the cortical and limbic system

26
Q

What do dopamine neurones inhibit the secretion of from the pituitary gland?

A

Prolactin

27
Q

What can the overproduction of prolactin lead to?

A

Gynaecomastia (over-enlargement of breasts)

Galactorrhoea (spontaneous flow of milk)

28
Q

What does the noradrenaline system arise from?

A

Locus coerulus

29
Q

What metabolises catecholamines?

A
  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in cytoplasm

- Monamine oxidase (MAO) on outer mitochondrial membrane

30
Q

Where can you find MAO and what do they metabolise?

A

Outer mitochondrial membrane, liver, gut

Metabolise catecholamies

31
Q

Example of transmitter that MAO-A breaks down

A

Noradrenealine and serotonin

32
Q

Example of transmitter that MAO-B breaks down

A

Dopamine

33
Q

What can MAO inhibitors be used to treat? How do these work

A
  • Depression (inhibition of MAO leads to increase in NA and serotonin)
  • Parkinsons (inhibition of MAO leads to increase in DA)
34
Q

What is 5-HT released by?

A

Raphe nuclei in the brainstem

35
Q

What is released by the raphe nuclei in the brainstem?

A

Serotonin

36
Q

Treatment of depression

A
  • Tricyclics
  • Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors i.e. fluoxetine
  • MAO-A inhibitiors
37
Q

Why are tricyclics used to treat depression?

A

Block reuptake of 5-HT and NA

38
Q

MAO inhibitors and the cheese effect

A

MAO breaks down dietary tyramine which is sympathomimetic

MAO-I —> hypertensive crisis

39
Q

How can tyramine affect blood flow?

A

Cannot pass blood-brain barrier

40
Q

Some neurotransmitter antagonists inhibit transmitter re-uptake: true or false?

A

True

41
Q

In the brain, a neurotransmitter can have more than one mode of action on postsynaptic cells: true or false?

A

True

42
Q

The arrival of an action potential at a synapse causes the emptying of more than 90% of all the synaptic vesicles in the bouton: true or false?

A

False, the action potential a few milliseconds behind needs to release some vesicles

43
Q

What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brainstem and spinal cord?

A

Glycine

Neuroscience (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions