EEG & Sleep

Question 1

What does EEG stand for?

Answer 1

Electroencephalogram

Question 2

Who was the EEG developed by?

Answer 2

Hans Berger in the 1930s

Question 3

What does an EEG measure?

Answer 3

The sum of electrical activity generates by populations of neurones in the area

Question 4

Advantages of an EEG

Answer 4

• non-invasive and cheap

- good temporal resolution

Question 5

Disadvatange of an EEG

Answer 5

Poor spatial resolution

Question 6

What is an MEG?

Answer 6

Magnetoencephalogram

Question 7

What does an MEG measure?

Answer 7

Magnetic field evoked by current flow

Question 8

Brain waves: normal awake, eyes closed

Answer 8

α rhythm, 8-13 Hz

Question 9

Brain waves: normal awake, eyes open

Answer 9

ß rhythm, 14-25 Hz

Question 10

Where do brain waves originate from?

Answer 10

Activity in the deep cerebral cortex

Question 11

What is the wavelike nature derived from?

Answer 11

Cortico-thalamic oscillations

Question 12

What kind of brain waves do normal, awake individuals show when their eyes are open?

Answer 12

y-rhythm, intermittent bursts, 30-80 Hz

Question 13

Variations in α rhythms

Answer 13

α - visual cortex
Κ - α-like in auditory cortex
μ - α-like in sensorimotor cortex

Question 14

What does the µ variation of brain waves in sensorimotor cortex also incline?

Answer 14

Mirror neuron activity

Question 15

When are θ rhythms observed?

Answer 15

In early stage sleep

4-8 Hz

Question 16

What is an epileptic discharge?

Answer 16

Small spike shown few seconds before seizure on EEG

Question 17

Sleep stages: Non-REM sleep

Answer 17

1) α-rhythm, slow, drowsy
2) slowing, sleep spindles, light sleep
3) slowing, no spindles
4) δ (delta) waves - high amplitude, <4 Hz, deep sleep

Question 18

At which stage may sleep walking occur?

Answer 18

Stage 4 of non-REM sleep

Question 19

What are sleep spindles characterised by on an EEG?

Answer 19

Little bursts

Question 20

What is the role of non-REM sleep?

Answer 20

• Restorative

Loss evokes homeostatic breakdown in animals, humans can last 12 days

Question 21

What kind of rhythms are shown on an EEG during REM sleep?

Answer 21

ß rhythms

Question 22

What occurs during REM sleep?

Answer 22

Dreaming

Question 23

What is the role of REM sleep?

Answer 23

Laying down memories

Question 24

Levels of what decrease in people with sleeping disorders?

Answer 24

Orexin

Question 25

What is secreted from the pineal gland which influeces the sleep/wake cycle?

Answer 25

Melatonin

Question 26

At what time of day is melatonin secreted?

Answer 26

Night time

Question 27

When is serotonin secreted to influence the sleep/wake cycle?

Answer 27

During the day when there is lig

Question 28

What is the sleep probability a balance of?

Answer 28

Process S - sleep, energy, debt

Process C - circadian rhythm