Motor Control Flashcards
How is the motor cortex mapped?
Somatopically
What is the motor pool?
All the neurones that innervate a particular muscle
Medial and lower neurones innervate proximal or distal musculature?
Proximal
Lateral and upper neurons innervate proximal or distal musculature?
Distal
Where are the main inputs to in the cortical layers?
Stellate cells in layer IV
Where are the main outputs in the cortical layer from?
Layer III, V and VI
Where do the axons of corticospinal tracts derive from?
Large pyramidal or beta cells in layer V
Upper motor neuron control of the motor cortex projects _______
Contralaterally via the corticospinal tract
Upper motor neuron control of the brainstem projects _______
Ipsilaterally
What is motor neurone disease?
Degenerative disease of motor neurones
What does degeneration in lower motor neurone lead to?
- Muscle paresis or payalysis
- Loss of stretch reflexes
- Muscle atrophy
- Die from lung dysfunction
What does degeneration in upper motor neurone lead to?
- Muscle paresis
- Spasticity due to increased muscle tone
- Hyperactive reflexes
- Loss of fine voluntary movement
- Die from bulbar (tongue/pharynx) involvement
What do the basal ganglia connect?
Premotor cortex to ventrolateral complex of thalamus
How is the premotor cortex connected to the ventrolateral complex of thalamus?
Basal ganglia
What do the basal ganglia control?
Initiation of movement
