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Neuroscience > Divisions of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Divisions of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical axis

A 
Cranial/Rostral - Caudial
Superior - Inferior
Lateral - Medial 
Distal - Proximal
Dorsal - Ventral
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2
Q

What are the planes used in brain anatomy?

A

Coronal
Horizontal
Sagittal

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3
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Same side of the body

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4
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Opposite side of the body

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5
Q

What are the 3 main divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Central Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Enteric Nervous System
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6
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Nerves and cell bodies to/from the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What is the enteric NS?

A

Neuronal cells of the GI tract

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9
Q

How many nerves are in the PNS?

A

43 pairs

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10
Q

Which nervous system has 43 pairs of nerves?

A

PNS

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11
Q

How are the nerves of the peripheral nervous system classed?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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12
Q

How many nerves of each subdivision are there in the PNS?

A

31 spinal pairs and 12 cranial pairs

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13
Q

Structure of peripheral nerves

A
  • Contain axons, no dendrites
  • No cell bodies
  • Most are ‘mixed’
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14
Q

Do peripheral nerves contain dendrites?

A

No, only axons

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15
Q

Do peripheral nerves carry sensory input?

A

Yes but most are ‘mixed’ so carry motor outputs too

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16
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A bundle of individually wrapped axons

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17
Q

Can fascicles be myelinated?

A

Yes

18
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Surrounds each individual axon for mechanical support

19
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

What bundles each individual axon together into fascicles

20
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

What encloses the fascicles with blood vessels?

21
Q

_______ surrounds each individual axon. The axons are bundled by ________ into fascicles and closed with blood vessels by ______

A

Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

22
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

Peripheral nerves of the brain (12) pairs

23
Q

Which cranial nerves are derived from the forebrain?

A

Cranial nerves I and II

24
Q

Cranial nerve I and II are derived from the _______

A

Forebrain

25
Q

Which cranial nerves are from the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerves III to XII

26
Q

Which cranial nerve is derived from the brainstem but also has a spinal cord connection?

A

Cranial nerve XI

Accessory nerve

27
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

The Vagus nerve

28
Q

Are all cranial nerves mixed?

A

No

29
Q

Are all spinal nerves mixed?

A

Yes

30
Q

What are the 5 sets of spinal nerves called?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
31
Q

Define rami

A

Spinal nerve branch. Important for pattern of innervation

32
Q

Define dermatome

A

Areas of the body innervated by specific spinal nerves.

33
Q

How can dermatomes be used in clinical medicine?

A

Help neurologists identify sites of damage

34
Q

How can the PNS be divided based on function?

A

Somatic(voluntary)/Visceral(involuntary)

Afferent(sensory)/Efferent(motor)

35
Q

Difference between motor axons in somatic and autonomic nervous systems

A

Somatic - Motor axons go straight to muscle

Autonomic - Motor axons connect with another cell in a ganglion, this cell innervates the muscle

36
Q

Are pre-ganglionic axons myelinated?

A

Yes

37
Q

Are post-ganglionic axons myelinated?

A

No

38
Q

Do sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia lie close to the spinal cord?

A

Sympathetic

39
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia like close to ___ _____

A

The target

40
Q

What does does the location of ganglia mean about the length of fibres?

A

Sympathetic ganglia are mostly close to the spinal cord, therefore, the pre-ganglionic fibres would be short
Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibres are long as the ganglia lie close to target

41
Q

Are sympathetic post-ganglion adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

Adrenergic

42
Q

Are parasympathetic post-ganglion adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

Cholinergic

Neuroscience (26 decks)

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