The Heart

Question 1

3 components of the pericardium

Answer 1

Inner parietal serous pericardium, middle fibrous pericardium and outer mediastinal pericardium

Question 2

Where is the heart and pericardium located

Answer 2

In the middle part of the mediastinum, from the level of the 3rd and 6th rib

Question 3

What forms the phrenicopericardial ligament

Answer 3

The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm

Question 4

What is the parietal layer continuous with at the base of the heart

Answer 4

Visceral layer (epicardium)

Question 5

Between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium is the…

Answer 5

Pericardial cavity

Question 6

Where are the great vessels of the heart attached

Answer 6

On the dorsal base

Question 7

The surface of the heart facing the left thoracic wall is the…

Answer 7

Auricular surface (the tips of the two auricles project on this side)

Question 8

The surface of the heart facing the right thoracic wall is the…

Answer 8

Atrial surface

Question 9

What/where is the coronary sulcus

Answer 9

It lies between between the atria and ventricles and contains the coronary vessels and fat

Question 10

Obliquely traversing the auricular surface of the heart is the…

Answer 10

Paraconal interventricular sulcus

Question 11

What does the paraconal interventricular sulcus contain

Answer 11

Paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Question 12

What does the subsinuosal interventricular sulucs contain

Answer 12

The terminal branch of the left coronary artery

Question 13

What are inteventricuar sulci

Answer 13

Superficial separations of the right and left ventricles

Question 14

The right atrium receives blood from…

Answer 14

The systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself

Question 15

2 parts of the right atrium

Answer 15

Sinus venarum (main) and right auricle (blind cranial)

Question 16

What are the 4 openings of the sinus venarum

Answer 16

Caudal vena cava (enters caudally), coronary sinus (venous return of most of blood from heart), cranial vena cava (enters dorsally cranially), right atrioventricular orifice (from the right atrium to right ventricle)

Question 17

What is the dorsal medial wall of the sinus venarum

Answer 17

Interatrial septum

Question 18

What is the function of the intervenous tubercle

Answer 18

It diverts the inflowing blood from the two caval veins toward the right atrioventricular tubercle

Question 19

What is the foramen ovale

Answer 19

It is an opening in the fossa ovalis in the fetus that allows blood to flow from the right to left atrium

Question 20

Right auricle

Answer 20

Blind, ear-shaped pouch of the right atrium that faces cranially and to the left

Question 21

What are pecinate muscles

Answer 21

They strengthen the internal wall of the right auricle

Question 22

The greater part of the base of the right ventricle communicates with the right atrium through the…

Answer 22

Atrioventricular orifice (contains the atrioventricular valve)

Question 23

What are the 2 parts of the atrioventricular valve in the dog

Answer 23

Parietal cusp and septal cusp (right also has angular)

Question 24

Chordae tendineae

Answer 24

Attached septal cusp flaps to septal wall of the ventricle

Question 25

Papillary muscles

Answer 25

Attach the chordae tendineae to the septal wall

Question 26

Trabeculae carneae

Answer 26

Muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls

Question 27

Trabecular septomarginalis

Answer 27

Muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to parietal wall

Question 28

The right ventricle passes across the cranial surface of the heart and terminates as the...

Answer 28

Conus arteriosus

Question 29

The conus arteriosus gives rise to...

Answer 29

Pulmonary trunk

Question 30

At the junction between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the...

Answer 30

Pulmonary valve

Question 31

The pulmonary valve consists of...

Answer 31

3 semilunar cusps

Question 32

The pulmonary valve bifurcates into...

Answer 32

Right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 33

How many openings mark the entrance of the pulmonary veins into the left atrium

Answer 33

5-6

Question 34

What is the valve of the foramen ovale

Answer 34

A remnant of the passage for the blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetus

Question 35

What is different about the atrioventricular valve cusps in the right and left atrioventricular valves

Answer 35

The division of the cusps is indistinct in the left, the right has 3 cusps (tricuspid)

Question 36

What forms a connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 36

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 37

Behind each cusp of the aortic valve, the aorta is slightly expanded to form...

Answer 37

The sinus of the aorta

Question 38

What 2 arteries leave the sinus of the aorta

Answer 38

Right and left coronary artery

Question 39

What does the left coronary artery terminate in

Answer 39

Circumflex branch and paraconal interventricular branch

Question 40

Coronary sinus

Answer 40

Dilated terminal end of the great cardiac vein

Question 41

Great cardiac vein

Answer 41

Returns blood supplied to the heart by the left coronary artery

Question 42

2 divisions of the right atrium

Answer 42

Sinus venarum (atrium proper) and right auricle

Question 43

What are the structures in the ventricles

Answer 43

Chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae, trabecula septomarginalis

Question 44

The right AV is...

Answer 44

Tricuspid

Question 45

The left AV is...

Answer 45

Bicuspid (mitral valve)

Question 46

What supplies blood to the right atrium

Answer 46

Cranial/caudal vena cava, azygos, coronary sinus

Question 47

The R/L coronary artery originate from...

Answer 47

The aortic sinus

Question 48

The right coronary artery supplies...

Answer 48

The RA and RV

Question 49

The left coronary artery branches into...

Answer 49

Circumflex (coronary groove) and paraconal interventricular (auricular surface) artery

Question 50

What is the continuation of left coronary artery on the atrial surface

Answer 50

Subsinusoal interventricular artery

Question 51

What are the 3 parts of the coronary sinus

Answer 51

Great, middle and small cardiac vein

Question 52

Sinoatrial node function and location

Answer 52

Pacemaker, located in RA wall near superior vena cava

Question 53

Atrioventricular node location

Answer 53

Located in right atrium along the lower part of interatrial septum

Question 54

Bundle of His location

Answer 54

Cardiac fibers originating in the AV node, extend down septum

Question 55

When does the Bundle of His become the purkinje fibers

Answer 55

At the lateral walls of the ventricles and papillary muscles

Question 56

In general, the larger the species, the ___ the rate of SA node discharge

Answer 56

Slower

Question 57

Respiratory sinus arrythmia

Answer 57

When the heart rate speeds up inspiration (decrease in vagal activity) and slows down during expiration (increase in vagal activity)

Question 58

Foramen ovale function and name in the adult

Answer 58

Lets blood enter from RA to LA and bypass pulmonary circulation; Fossa ovalis

Question 59

Ductus arteriosus function and name in adult

Answer 59

Connect pulmonary artery to aortic arch; Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 60

Ductus venosus function and name in the adult

Answer 60

Shunts portion of left umbilical vein blood flow to descending vena cava, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass the liver; Ligamentum venosum