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Comparative Anatomy > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of the pericardium

A

Inner parietal serous pericardium, middle fibrous pericardium and outer mediastinal pericardium

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2
Q

Where is the heart and pericardium located

A

In the middle part of the mediastinum, from the level of the 3rd and 6th rib

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3
Q

What forms the phrenicopericardial ligament

A

The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm

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4
Q

What is the parietal layer continuous with at the base of the heart

A

Visceral layer (epicardium)

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5
Q

Between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium is the…

A

Pericardial cavity

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6
Q

Where are the great vessels of the heart attached

A

On the dorsal base

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7
Q

The surface of the heart facing the left thoracic wall is the…

A

Auricular surface (the tips of the two auricles project on this side)

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8
Q

The surface of the heart facing the right thoracic wall is the…

A

Atrial surface

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9
Q

What/where is the coronary sulcus

A

It lies between between the atria and ventricles and contains the coronary vessels and fat

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10
Q

Obliquely traversing the auricular surface of the heart is the…

A

Paraconal interventricular sulcus

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11
Q

What does the paraconal interventricular sulcus contain

A

Paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

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12
Q

What does the subsinuosal interventricular sulucs contain

A

The terminal branch of the left coronary artery

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13
Q

What are inteventricuar sulci

A

Superficial separations of the right and left ventricles

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14
Q

The right atrium receives blood from…

A

The systemic veins and most of the blood from the heart itself

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15
Q

2 parts of the right atrium

A

Sinus venarum (main) and right auricle (blind cranial)

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16
Q

What are the 4 openings of the sinus venarum

A

Caudal vena cava (enters caudally), coronary sinus (venous return of most of blood from heart), cranial vena cava (enters dorsally cranially), right atrioventricular orifice (from the right atrium to right ventricle)

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17
Q

What is the dorsal medial wall of the sinus venarum

A

Interatrial septum

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18
Q

What is the function of the intervenous tubercle

A

It diverts the inflowing blood from the two caval veins toward the right atrioventricular tubercle

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19
Q

What is the foramen ovale

A

It is an opening in the fossa ovalis in the fetus that allows blood to flow from the right to left atrium

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20
Q

Right auricle

A

Blind, ear-shaped pouch of the right atrium that faces cranially and to the left

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21
Q

What are pecinate muscles

A

They strengthen the internal wall of the right auricle

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22
Q

The greater part of the base of the right ventricle communicates with the right atrium through the…

A

Atrioventricular orifice (contains the atrioventricular valve)

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23
Q

What are the 2 parts of the atrioventricular valve in the dog

A

Parietal cusp and septal cusp (right also has angular)

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24
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Attached septal cusp flaps to septal wall of the ventricle

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25
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Attach the chordae tendineae to the septal wall

26
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Muscular irregularities of the interior of the ventricular walls

27
Q

Trabecular septomarginalis

A

Muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the ventricle from the septal to parietal wall

28
Q

The right ventricle passes across the cranial surface of the heart and terminates as the…

A

Conus arteriosus

29
Q

The conus arteriosus gives rise to…

A

Pulmonary trunk

30
Q

At the junction between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the…

A

Pulmonary valve

31
Q

The pulmonary valve consists of…

A

3 semilunar cusps

32
Q

The pulmonary valve bifurcates into…

A

Right and left pulmonary arteries

33
Q

How many openings mark the entrance of the pulmonary veins into the left atrium

A

5-6

34
Q

What is the valve of the foramen ovale

A

A remnant of the passage for the blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetus

35
Q

What is different about the atrioventricular valve cusps in the right and left atrioventricular valves

A

The division of the cusps is indistinct in the left, the right has 3 cusps (tricuspid)

36
Q

What forms a connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

37
Q

Behind each cusp of the aortic valve, the aorta is slightly expanded to form…

A

The sinus of the aorta

38
Q

What 2 arteries leave the sinus of the aorta

A

Right and left coronary artery

39
Q

What does the left coronary artery terminate in

A

Circumflex branch and paraconal interventricular branch

40
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Dilated terminal end of the great cardiac vein

41
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Returns blood supplied to the heart by the left coronary artery

42
Q

2 divisions of the right atrium

A

Sinus venarum (atrium proper) and right auricle

43
Q

What are the structures in the ventricles

A

Chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae, trabecula septomarginalis

44
Q

The right AV is…

A

Tricuspid

45
Q

The left AV is…

A

Bicuspid (mitral valve)

46
Q

What supplies blood to the right atrium

A

Cranial/caudal vena cava, azygos, coronary sinus

47
Q

The R/L coronary artery originate from…

A

The aortic sinus

48
Q

The right coronary artery supplies…

A

The RA and RV

49
Q

The left coronary artery branches into…

A

Circumflex (coronary groove) and paraconal interventricular (auricular surface) artery

50
Q

What is the continuation of left coronary artery on the atrial surface

A

Subsinusoal interventricular artery

51
Q

What are the 3 parts of the coronary sinus

A

Great, middle and small cardiac vein

52
Q

Sinoatrial node function and location

A

Pacemaker, located in RA wall near superior vena cava

53
Q

Atrioventricular node location

A

Located in right atrium along the lower part of interatrial septum

54
Q

Bundle of His location

A

Cardiac fibers originating in the AV node, extend down septum

55
Q

When does the Bundle of His become the purkinje fibers

A

At the lateral walls of the ventricles and papillary muscles

56
Q

In general, the larger the species, the ___ the rate of SA node discharge

A

Slower

57
Q

Respiratory sinus arrythmia

A

When the heart rate speeds up inspiration (decrease in vagal activity) and slows down during expiration (increase in vagal activity)

58
Q

Foramen ovale function and name in the adult

A

Lets blood enter from RA to LA and bypass pulmonary circulation; Fossa ovalis

59
Q

Ductus arteriosus function and name in adult

A

Connect pulmonary artery to aortic arch; Ligamentum arteriosum

60
Q

Ductus venosus function and name in the adult

A

Shunts portion of left umbilical vein blood flow to descending vena cava, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass the liver; Ligamentum venosum

Comparative Anatomy (27 decks)

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