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Comparative Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory, ___ neurons conduct signals ___ CNS

A

Afferent, to the CNS

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2
Q

Motor, ___ neurons conduct signals ___ CNS

A

Efferent, away from CNS

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3
Q

What is the basis of feedback regulation

A

Nerves contain both sensory and motor functions

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4
Q

Somatic efferent neurons

A

Supply voluntary muscles

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5
Q

Visceral efferent neurons

A

Supply involuntary smooth muscle and blood vessels

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6
Q

How many somatic motor neurons span from the CNS to the structure that they innervate

A

One

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7
Q

What is the peripheral motor part of the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral efferent system

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8
Q

What is different about the visceral nervous system from the somatic nervous system

A

The visceral has a second motor neuron interposed between the CNS and the innervated structure

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9
Q

What connects the two nerves of the visceral motor neurons as they span from the CNS to their innervated structure

A

Ganglion

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10
Q

Ganglion definition

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies located outside the CNS

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11
Q

Groups of neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS

A

Nuclei

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12
Q

Preganglionic neuron vs postganglionic

A

Referring to the two neurons of the visceral efferent system on their way to a structure, pre is the one with its cell body in the CNS, post is the one with the cell body as the ganglion

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13
Q

What occurs when a preganglionic axon meets a post ganglionic

A

Synapse

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14
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic/visceral motor neuron nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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15
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system

A

The segments of the spinal cord from the 1st T to 5th L vertebrae (thoracolumbar portion)

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16
Q

What is released at the postganglionic nerve endings of those of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system

A

Norepinephrine

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17
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system located

A

In nuclei in the brain stem associated with cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and in the 3 S segments of the vertebrae (craniosacral portion)

18
Q

What is different about the postganglionic cell bodies of the neurons of the sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sym: ganglion are usually only a short distance from the spinal cord
Parasym: ganglion are really close to the structure that is being innervated

19
Q

What is released at the postganglionic nerve endings of those of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

20
Q

Somatic afferent neurons innervate…

A

Cutaneous surface, striated muscle, tendons, joints, eye and inner ear

21
Q

Visceral afferent neurons innervate…

A

Muscosal surface of organs, exocrine glands and vascular structures

22
Q

Differences between sensory afferent and motor efferent

A
  1. All neurons in afferent have only one (no ganglion)

2. No synapses in afferent (synapse is the CNS)

23
Q

The ventral roots of the spinal cord segments contain the axons of the ___ neurons

A

Motor

24
Q

The dorsal roots of the spinal cord segments contain the axons of the ___ neurons

A

Sensory

25
Q

Where do the ventral and dorsal roots of spinal nerves unit to form one spinal nerve

A

At the level of the intervertebral foramen

26
Q

What joins the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk

A

Ramus communicans

27
Q

What is found at each location where a ramus joins the sympathetic trunk

A

Ganglion (called sympathetic trunk ganglion)

28
Q

What nerves leave the caudal thoracic and lumbar portion of the sympathetic trunk

A

Splanchnic (course into abdominal cavity)

29
Q

Each preganglionic sympathetic axon must pass through ___ of its spinal nerve to reach the sympathetic trunk

A

Ramus communicans

30
Q

The ramus communicans of T1 to L5 contains…

A

Both preganglionic and postganlionic axons

31
Q

Where is the cervicothoracic ganglion located

A

Medial to the dorsal end of the 1st intercostal space on the lateral side of longus colli

32
Q

What is the function of the brachial plexus

A

Provides a pathway for postganglionic axons to reach the thoracic limb

33
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus

A

1-2T, 7-8C

34
Q

Vertebral nerve

A

A branch of the cervicothoracic ganglion that follows the vertebral artery through the transverse foramina

35
Q

Ansa subclavia

A

Goes around subclavian artery, connects middle cervical ganglion and cervicothoracic ganglion

36
Q

The ventral vagal trunk is found…

A

On the esophagus

37
Q

The dorsal vagal trunk if found…

A

Near the diaphragm (dorsal to esophagus)

38
Q

What divides the thoracic and lumbar regions of the thoracolumbar nervous system

A

Major splanchnic nerve

39
Q

What vertebrae do the sympathetic nerves arise from

A

T1 to L4/5

40
Q

What vertebrae/nerves do parasympathetic nerves arise from

A

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10; S1-3 vertebrae

Comparative Anatomy (27 decks)

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