Deep Vessels and Nerves of the Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

A

Cranial epigastric artery

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2
Q

The cranial epigastric artery gives rise to…

A

The cranial superficial epigastric

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3
Q

Where does the cranial epigastric artery start and what does it run along

A

Starts: on the thorax, between costal arch and sternum

Runs along: rectus abdominis, caudally on deep surface

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4
Q

What does the cranial superficial epigastric artery supply

A

The skin over the rectus abdominis and the caudal thoracic and cranial abdominal mammae

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5
Q

Where do most of the cranial epigastric vessels terminate

A

The deep surface of the rectus abdominis

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6
Q

What is found on the medial surface of the costal cartilages of ribs 2-8

A

Transversus thoracis

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7
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis extend from and to

A

The costochondral junctions to the sternum

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8
Q

Ventrally, the internal intercostal vessels ___ and ___ with the ventral intercostal branches of the internal thoracic artery and vein

A

Bifurcate; anastomose

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9
Q

What do the internal intercostal nerves supply

A

The intercostal musculature

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10
Q

What is the pleurae

A

Serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the thorax

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11
Q

Where do the pulmonary and visceral pleura attach

A

To the surface of the lungs

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12
Q

Where does the parietal pleura attach

A

To the thoracic wall by the endothoracic fascia

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13
Q

3 parts of the parietal pleura

A

Costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal

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14
Q

What is included in the mediastinum

A

The two mediastinal pleurae and the space between them

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15
Q

What is enclosed in the mediastinum

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, vagus nerves and other nerves and vessels

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16
Q

What portion of the mediastinum covers the heart

A

Pericardial mediastinal pleura

17
Q

Where is the mediastinal parietal pleura continuous with the pulmonary pleura

A

The root of the lung

18
Q

Where is the pulmonary ligament

A

It is caudal to the hilus, between the caudal lobe of the lung and the mediastinum at the level of the esophagus

19
Q

Where is the thymus when it is maximally developed (smallest)

A

The caudal part is molded on the cranial surface of the pericardium

20
Q

What is the path of the internal thoracic artery

A

Leaves the subclavian artery, moves ventrocaudally in the cranial mediastinum, and disappears deep to the cranial border of the transversus thoracis muscle

21
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply branches to

A

The phrenic nerve, the thymus, the mediastinal pleurae and the dorsal intercostal spaces

22
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery terminate in near the attachment of the costal arch with the sternum

A

The musculophrenic artery and the larger cranial epigastric artery

23
Q

Where does the musculophrenic artery run

A

Caudodorsally in the angle formed by the diaphragm and the lateral thoracic wall

24
Q

The left lung is divided into…

A

Cranial and caudal lobes by deep fissures

25
Q

The cranial lobe of the left lung is further divided into…

A

Cranial and caudal

26
Q

The right lung is divided into…

A

Cranial , middle, caudal and accessory

27
Q

Where is the cardiac notch found in the right lung

A

The 4th and 5th intercostal spaces

28
Q

On what side is there an area of the heart that is accessible for puncture

A

Right side

29
Q

The trachea bifurcates into…

A

Left and right principle bronchi

30
Q

What is between the left and right principle bronchi at their origin from the trachea

A

Carina

31
Q

Each principle bronchus divides into…

A

Lobar bronchi (supply lobes of the lung)

32
Q

What supply each lung with a pulmonary artery

A

The pulmonary trunk

33
Q

Where are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes located

A

At the bifurcation of the trachea and also farther out on the bronchi

34
Q

On which lung is the aortic impression

A

Left

35
Q

What leaves impressions on the accessory lobe of the right lung

A

Caudal vena cava and the esophagus