Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
1
Q
What is the first structure seen after reflecting the abdominal wall
A
Greater omentum
2
Q
Where does the greater omentum end
A
The greater curvature of the stomach
3
Q
What space is contained in the mesogastrium (turns into greater omentum)
A
Omental bursa
4
Q
What are the two folds of the mesogastrium
A
Superficial leaf and deep leaf
5
Q
The superficial leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…
A
The ventral body wall
6
Q
The deep leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…
A
The abdominal organs
7
Q
What does the greater omentum cover
A
Jejunum and ileum
8
Q
What organ is enclosed in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum
A
The spleen
9
Q
What organ is enclosed in the deep leaf of the greater omentum
A
Left lobe of the pancreas
10
Q
What part of the greater omentum attaches the spleen to the stomach
A
The gastrosplenic ligament
11
Q
What may cause the spleen to be abnormally large
A
If the dog was anesthetized with barbiturate
12
Q
What are the three muscular parts of the diaphragm
A
Lumbar, costal and sternal
13
Q
What is the most cranial extension of the diaphragm that bulges into the thorax
A
The cupula
14
Q
The V-shaped tendinous center courses….
A
Dorsally between the lumbar and costal parts of each side of the diaphragm
15
Q
What can be severed to expose the V-shaped tendinous center
A
Caudal mediastinum
16
Q
The lumbar part of the diaphragm forms…
A
The left and right crura
17
Q
What is the aortic hiatus
A
A passageway between the crura for the aorta, azygos vein and thoracic duct
18
Q
What is the esophageal hiatus
A
It is in the muscular part of the right crus and it transmits the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels
19
Q
Where is the caval foramen located
A
At the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm
20
Q
What passes through the caval forament
A
The caudal vena cava
21
Q
What organ does the caudal part of the liver cover
A
The cranial extremity of the right kidney
22
Q
With each breath, the liver moves in what direction
A
Longitudinally
23
Q
What lobe of the liver has a fossa for the gallbladder
A
Right medial lobe (and quadrate lobe to the left)
24
Q
Which lobe of the liver has the deep impression of the right kidney
A
Caudate process
25
What separates the left medial lobe of the liver from the right medial and quadrate lobes
A fissure through which the umbilical vein enters the liver
26
What lobe of the liver has a gastric impression
The left lateral
27
What are the two processes of the caudate lobe of the liver
Caudate process and papillary process
28
What lobe of the liver has the duodenal impression
Right lateral and caudate process
29
Where does the papillary process of the caudate lobe lie
In the lesser curvature of the stomach, under the lesser omentum
30
Bile is secreted by ___ and is collected into ____ which drain into ____
Liver cells; the canaliculi; interlobular ducts
31
The interlobular ducts of each liver lobe untie to form...
Hepatic ducts (from each lobe)
32
The neck of the gallbladder is continued as...
The cystic duct
33
The hepatic ducts and cystic duct form the...
Bile duct
34
Where does the bile duct terminate
On the major duodenal papilla alongside the pancreatic duct
35
What are the parts of the stomach
The cardiac part, the fundus, the body, and the pyloric part
36
What part of the stomach joins the duodenum at the sphinceter
The pylorus
37
What happens when the stomach is empty
It is hidden from palpitation by the liver
38
What are the longitudinal folds of the mucosa of the stomach called
The rugae
39
What is the most fixed part of the small intestine
The duodenum
40
What are the 5 parts of the duodenum
Cranial duodenal flexure, descending part, caudal duodenal flexure, ascending part and duodenojejunal flexure
41
The jejunum forms the...
Colis of the small intestine
42
What does the root of the mesentery attach
The jejunum and ileum to the dorsal body wall
43
What lies in the vessels of the mesentary
The mesenteric lymph nodes
44
What is the longest portion of the small intestine
The jejunum
45
What is the terminal part of the small intestine
The ileum
46
Where does the ileum join the ascending colon
Ileocolic orifice
47
What structure is found between the ileum and colon
Cecum
48
Where does the cecum join the ascending colon
Cecocolic orifice
49
What are the three parts of the colon
Ascending, transverse, descending
50
Where does the body of the pancreas lie
At the pylorus
51
What did we have to move to expose the right lobe of the pancreas
Descending duodenum
52
What are the two ducts of the pancreatic duct system
Pancreatic duct (smaller, sometimes absent) and accessory pancreatic duct (larger)
53
The pancreatic duct opens on the...
Major duodenal papilla
54
The accessory pancreatic duct opens on the...
Minor duodenal papilla
55
Where is the accessory pancreatic duct located
Between the right lobe of the pancreas and the descending duodenum
56
Adrenal glands are located at the cranial aspect of each...
Kidney
57
What covers the adrenal glands
The common trunk of the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal veins (leave deep groove on ventral surface)
58
What are kidneys considered to be retroperitoneal organs
Because they are only covered on their ventral surface by peritoneum
59
What/where is the hilus of the kidney
It is where the renal vessels and nerves and the ureter communicate with the kidney, it is located at the middle of the medial border
60
The expanded part of the urter within the kidney is...
The renal pelvis
61
What is the renal sinus
The fat filled space that contains the renal vessels and surrounds the renal pelvis
62
The right ovary lies ____ to the left ovary
Cranial
63
Each ovary is enclosed by...
The ovarian bursa, a thin walled peritoneal sac
64
Ovarian bursa is formed by...
The mesovarium and mesosalphinx
65
What is the small cordlike thickening of the ovarian bursa
The uterine tube
66
What is the infundibulum
The dilated ovarian end of the uterine tube
67
Where does the uterine tube open to the uterine horn
At the tubouterine junction (where sperm and ova are regulated in their transit)
68
What are the broad ligaments of the uterus
The peritoneal folds on each side that attach to the lateral sublumbar region , they suspend all internal genitalia except caudal part of vagina
69
What are the three parts of the broad ligaments
Mesometrium, mesovarium, and mesosalphinx
70
What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary
It holds the ovary in a relatively fixed position
71
What is the proper ligament of the ovary
It attaches the ovary to the cranial end of the uterine horn
72
What is the round ligament of the uterus
Homologue of the embryonic gubernaculum, no function is adult
73
What are the 3 layers of the peritoneum
Parietal, visceral and connecting
74
What forms the peritoneal folds known as the mesentaries, omenta or ligaments
Connecting peritoneum
75
In the embryo, the dorsal common mesentery persists from cranial to caudal as...
The greater omentum, mesoduodenum, mesentery and mesocolon
76
What is the omentum
Connecting peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the body wall or other organs (it is an extended mesogastrium)
77
The greater omentum is...
An extended fold of dorsal mesogastrium
78
From the greater curvature of the stomach, the greater omentum extends...
Caudally as the superficial leaf between the jejunum and abd wall
79
What does the deep leaf of the greater omentum contain
The left lobe of the pancreas
80
What does the lesser omentum span from and to
From the lesser curvature of the stomach to the porta of the liver
81
What is enveloped by the lesser omentum
The papillary process of the liver
82
What attaches the liver to the duodenum
Hepatoduodenal duct
83
What does the hepatoduodenal duct contain
The portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
84
The ascending duodenum is secondarily attaches to the mesocolon of the descending colon by...
The duodenocolic fold
85
What does the mesentery attach to and by means of what
To the abd wall opposite L2, by the root of the mesentary
86
Where does the left/right triangular ligament extend
From the left/right crus of the diaphragm above the central tendinous part to the left/right lateral lobe of the liver
87
Where does the coronary ligament pass
Between the diaphragm and the liver, around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
88
Where does the falciform ligament extend
From the liver to the diaphragm and ventral ad wall to the umbilicus
89
What is the remnant of the umbilical vein
Round ligament of the liver
90
Where does the bladder lie when it is empty
Floor of pelvic inlet
91
Where does the bladder lie with it is full
Floor of abdomen, displaces moveable viscera
92
Where does the gravid uterus lie
The floor of the abdomen
93
Arterial supply of the diaphragm
Phrenic a., between cranial mesenteric and renal a.
94
Function of the spleen
Destroys old red blood cells, provides lymphocytes and antibodies to the immune system
95
Function of liver
Secretes bile salts to emulsify digested fats
96
Where is the gallbladder located
Between the quadrate and right medial lobe of the liver
97
The union of the hepatic and cystic duct form...
The bile duct
98
Where does the bile duct terminate
At the major duodenal papilla
99
What are the 3 parts of the pancreas
Left lobe, body and right lobe
100
What is the function of the pancreas
Secretes proteolytic enzymes and insulin
101
Where does the pancreatic duct empty
With bile duct in major duodenal papilla
102
Where does the accessory pancreatic duct empty
Minor duodenal papilla
103
What are the 3 parts of the stomach
Fundus, body and pyloric
104
What is the passage of food in a ruminant
Feed, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and small intestine
105
What is the most fixed part of the small intestine
Duodenum
106
What part of the small intestine connects with the colon
Ileum, at ileocolic orifice
107
What is the function of the cecum in herbivores
House bacteria that aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials (cellulose)
108
What is the function of the adrenal glands
Regulate stress by producing cortisol and adrenaline, and steroids
109
The right kidney lies opposite...
L1-L3
110
The left kidney lies opposite...
L2-L4
111
Ovaries are enclosed in...
The ovarian bursa
112
Infundibulum
Catches ova after ovulation, leads into uterine tube
113
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Hold ovary in fixed position to body wall
114
Proper ligament of ovary
Attaches ovary to cranial end of uterine horn
115
What are the 3 ligaments that make up the broad ligament of the uterus
Mesometrium, mesovarium and mesosalphinx
116
The uterus receives blood from both...
Uterine and ovarian arteries
117
What is the innervation of the uterus
Left and right hypogastric nerves (sympathetic) and pelvic nerves (parasympathetic)
