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Comparative Anatomy > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first structure seen after reflecting the abdominal wall

A

Greater omentum

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2
Q

Where does the greater omentum end

A

The greater curvature of the stomach

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3
Q

What space is contained in the mesogastrium (turns into greater omentum)

A

Omental bursa

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4
Q

What are the two folds of the mesogastrium

A

Superficial leaf and deep leaf

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5
Q

The superficial leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…

A

The ventral body wall

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6
Q

The deep leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…

A

The abdominal organs

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7
Q

What does the greater omentum cover

A

Jejunum and ileum

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8
Q

What organ is enclosed in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum

A

The spleen

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9
Q

What organ is enclosed in the deep leaf of the greater omentum

A

Left lobe of the pancreas

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10
Q

What part of the greater omentum attaches the spleen to the stomach

A

The gastrosplenic ligament

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11
Q

What may cause the spleen to be abnormally large

A

If the dog was anesthetized with barbiturate

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12
Q

What are the three muscular parts of the diaphragm

A

Lumbar, costal and sternal

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13
Q

What is the most cranial extension of the diaphragm that bulges into the thorax

A

The cupula

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14
Q

The V-shaped tendinous center courses….

A

Dorsally between the lumbar and costal parts of each side of the diaphragm

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15
Q

What can be severed to expose the V-shaped tendinous center

A

Caudal mediastinum

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16
Q

The lumbar part of the diaphragm forms…

A

The left and right crura

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17
Q

What is the aortic hiatus

A

A passageway between the crura for the aorta, azygos vein and thoracic duct

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18
Q

What is the esophageal hiatus

A

It is in the muscular part of the right crus and it transmits the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels

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19
Q

Where is the caval foramen located

A

At the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm

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20
Q

What passes through the caval forament

A

The caudal vena cava

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21
Q

What organ does the caudal part of the liver cover

A

The cranial extremity of the right kidney

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22
Q

With each breath, the liver moves in what direction

A

Longitudinally

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23
Q

What lobe of the liver has a fossa for the gallbladder

A

Right medial lobe (and quadrate lobe to the left)

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24
Q

Which lobe of the liver has the deep impression of the right kidney

A

Caudate process

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25
Q

What separates the left medial lobe of the liver from the right medial and quadrate lobes

A

A fissure through which the umbilical vein enters the liver

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26
Q

What lobe of the liver has a gastric impression

A

The left lateral

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27
Q

What are the two processes of the caudate lobe of the liver

A

Caudate process and papillary process

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28
Q

What lobe of the liver has the duodenal impression

A

Right lateral and caudate process

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29
Q

Where does the papillary process of the caudate lobe lie

A

In the lesser curvature of the stomach, under the lesser omentum

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30
Q

Bile is secreted by ___ and is collected into ____ which drain into ____

A

Liver cells; the canaliculi; interlobular ducts

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31
Q

The interlobular ducts of each liver lobe untie to form…

A

Hepatic ducts (from each lobe)

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32
Q

The neck of the gallbladder is continued as…

A

The cystic duct

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33
Q

The hepatic ducts and cystic duct form the…

A

Bile duct

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34
Q

Where does the bile duct terminate

A

On the major duodenal papilla alongside the pancreatic duct

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35
Q

What are the parts of the stomach

A

The cardiac part, the fundus, the body, and the pyloric part

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36
Q

What part of the stomach joins the duodenum at the sphinceter

A

The pylorus

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37
Q

What happens when the stomach is empty

A

It is hidden from palpitation by the liver

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38
Q

What are the longitudinal folds of the mucosa of the stomach called

A

The rugae

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39
Q

What is the most fixed part of the small intestine

A

The duodenum

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40
Q

What are the 5 parts of the duodenum

A

Cranial duodenal flexure, descending part, caudal duodenal flexure, ascending part and duodenojejunal flexure

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41
Q

The jejunum forms the…

A

Colis of the small intestine

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42
Q

What does the root of the mesentery attach

A

The jejunum and ileum to the dorsal body wall

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43
Q

What lies in the vessels of the mesentary

A

The mesenteric lymph nodes

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44
Q

What is the longest portion of the small intestine

A

The jejunum

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45
Q

What is the terminal part of the small intestine

A

The ileum

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46
Q

Where does the ileum join the ascending colon

A

Ileocolic orifice

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47
Q

What structure is found between the ileum and colon

A

Cecum

48
Q

Where does the cecum join the ascending colon

A

Cecocolic orifice

49
Q

What are the three parts of the colon

A

Ascending, transverse, descending

50
Q

Where does the body of the pancreas lie

A

At the pylorus

51
Q

What did we have to move to expose the right lobe of the pancreas

A

Descending duodenum

52
Q

What are the two ducts of the pancreatic duct system

A

Pancreatic duct (smaller, sometimes absent) and accessory pancreatic duct (larger)

53
Q

The pancreatic duct opens on the…

A

Major duodenal papilla

54
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct opens on the…

A

Minor duodenal papilla

55
Q

Where is the accessory pancreatic duct located

A

Between the right lobe of the pancreas and the descending duodenum

56
Q

Adrenal glands are located at the cranial aspect of each…

A

Kidney

57
Q

What covers the adrenal glands

A

The common trunk of the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal veins (leave deep groove on ventral surface)

58
Q

What are kidneys considered to be retroperitoneal organs

A

Because they are only covered on their ventral surface by peritoneum

59
Q

What/where is the hilus of the kidney

A

It is where the renal vessels and nerves and the ureter communicate with the kidney, it is located at the middle of the medial border

60
Q

The expanded part of the urter within the kidney is…

A

The renal pelvis

61
Q

What is the renal sinus

A

The fat filled space that contains the renal vessels and surrounds the renal pelvis

62
Q

The right ovary lies ____ to the left ovary

A

Cranial

63
Q

Each ovary is enclosed by…

A

The ovarian bursa, a thin walled peritoneal sac

64
Q

Ovarian bursa is formed by…

A

The mesovarium and mesosalphinx

65
Q

What is the small cordlike thickening of the ovarian bursa

A

The uterine tube

66
Q

What is the infundibulum

A

The dilated ovarian end of the uterine tube

67
Q

Where does the uterine tube open to the uterine horn

A

At the tubouterine junction (where sperm and ova are regulated in their transit)

68
Q

What are the broad ligaments of the uterus

A

The peritoneal folds on each side that attach to the lateral sublumbar region , they suspend all internal genitalia except caudal part of vagina

69
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligaments

A

Mesometrium, mesovarium, and mesosalphinx

70
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

It holds the ovary in a relatively fixed position

71
Q

What is the proper ligament of the ovary

A

It attaches the ovary to the cranial end of the uterine horn

72
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus

A

Homologue of the embryonic gubernaculum, no function is adult

73
Q

What are the 3 layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal, visceral and connecting

74
Q

What forms the peritoneal folds known as the mesentaries, omenta or ligaments

A

Connecting peritoneum

75
Q

In the embryo, the dorsal common mesentery persists from cranial to caudal as…

A

The greater omentum, mesoduodenum, mesentery and mesocolon

76
Q

What is the omentum

A

Connecting peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the body wall or other organs (it is an extended mesogastrium)

77
Q

The greater omentum is…

A

An extended fold of dorsal mesogastrium

78
Q

From the greater curvature of the stomach, the greater omentum extends…

A

Caudally as the superficial leaf between the jejunum and abd wall

79
Q

What does the deep leaf of the greater omentum contain

A

The left lobe of the pancreas

80
Q

What does the lesser omentum span from and to

A

From the lesser curvature of the stomach to the porta of the liver

81
Q

What is enveloped by the lesser omentum

A

The papillary process of the liver

82
Q

What attaches the liver to the duodenum

A

Hepatoduodenal duct

83
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal duct contain

A

The portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

84
Q

The ascending duodenum is secondarily attaches to the mesocolon of the descending colon by…

A

The duodenocolic fold

85
Q

What does the mesentery attach to and by means of what

A

To the abd wall opposite L2, by the root of the mesentary

86
Q

Where does the left/right triangular ligament extend

A

From the left/right crus of the diaphragm above the central tendinous part to the left/right lateral lobe of the liver

87
Q

Where does the coronary ligament pass

A

Between the diaphragm and the liver, around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins

88
Q

Where does the falciform ligament extend

A

From the liver to the diaphragm and ventral ad wall to the umbilicus

89
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein

A

Round ligament of the liver

90
Q

Where does the bladder lie when it is empty

A

Floor of pelvic inlet

91
Q

Where does the bladder lie with it is full

A

Floor of abdomen, displaces moveable viscera

92
Q

Where does the gravid uterus lie

A

The floor of the abdomen

93
Q

Arterial supply of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic a., between cranial mesenteric and renal a.

94
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Destroys old red blood cells, provides lymphocytes and antibodies to the immune system

95
Q

Function of liver

A

Secretes bile salts to emulsify digested fats

96
Q

Where is the gallbladder located

A

Between the quadrate and right medial lobe of the liver

97
Q

The union of the hepatic and cystic duct form…

A

The bile duct

98
Q

Where does the bile duct terminate

A

At the major duodenal papilla

99
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pancreas

A

Left lobe, body and right lobe

100
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

Secretes proteolytic enzymes and insulin

101
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct empty

A

With bile duct in major duodenal papilla

102
Q

Where does the accessory pancreatic duct empty

A

Minor duodenal papilla

103
Q

What are the 3 parts of the stomach

A

Fundus, body and pyloric

104
Q

What is the passage of food in a ruminant

A

Feed, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and small intestine

105
Q

What is the most fixed part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

106
Q

What part of the small intestine connects with the colon

A

Ileum, at ileocolic orifice

107
Q

What is the function of the cecum in herbivores

A

House bacteria that aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials (cellulose)

108
Q

What is the function of the adrenal glands

A

Regulate stress by producing cortisol and adrenaline, and steroids

109
Q

The right kidney lies opposite…

A

L1-L3

110
Q

The left kidney lies opposite…

A

L2-L4

111
Q

Ovaries are enclosed in…

A

The ovarian bursa

112
Q

Infundibulum

A

Catches ova after ovulation, leads into uterine tube

113
Q

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

Hold ovary in fixed position to body wall

114
Q

Proper ligament of ovary

A

Attaches ovary to cranial end of uterine horn

115
Q

What are the 3 ligaments that make up the broad ligament of the uterus

A

Mesometrium, mesovarium and mesosalphinx

116
Q

The uterus receives blood from both…

A

Uterine and ovarian arteries

117
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus

A

Left and right hypogastric nerves (sympathetic) and pelvic nerves (parasympathetic)

Comparative Anatomy (27 decks)

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