Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
What is the first structure seen after reflecting the abdominal wall
Greater omentum
Where does the greater omentum end
The greater curvature of the stomach
What space is contained in the mesogastrium (turns into greater omentum)
Omental bursa
What are the two folds of the mesogastrium
Superficial leaf and deep leaf
The superficial leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…
The ventral body wall
The deep leaf of the mesogastrium is adjacent to…
The abdominal organs
What does the greater omentum cover
Jejunum and ileum
What organ is enclosed in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum
The spleen
What organ is enclosed in the deep leaf of the greater omentum
Left lobe of the pancreas
What part of the greater omentum attaches the spleen to the stomach
The gastrosplenic ligament
What may cause the spleen to be abnormally large
If the dog was anesthetized with barbiturate
What are the three muscular parts of the diaphragm
Lumbar, costal and sternal
What is the most cranial extension of the diaphragm that bulges into the thorax
The cupula
The V-shaped tendinous center courses….
Dorsally between the lumbar and costal parts of each side of the diaphragm
What can be severed to expose the V-shaped tendinous center
Caudal mediastinum
The lumbar part of the diaphragm forms…
The left and right crura
What is the aortic hiatus
A passageway between the crura for the aorta, azygos vein and thoracic duct
What is the esophageal hiatus
It is in the muscular part of the right crus and it transmits the esophagus, vagal nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels
Where is the caval foramen located
At the junction of the tendinous and muscular parts of the right side of the diaphragm
What passes through the caval forament
The caudal vena cava
What organ does the caudal part of the liver cover
The cranial extremity of the right kidney
With each breath, the liver moves in what direction
Longitudinally
What lobe of the liver has a fossa for the gallbladder
Right medial lobe (and quadrate lobe to the left)
Which lobe of the liver has the deep impression of the right kidney
Caudate process
What separates the left medial lobe of the liver from the right medial and quadrate lobes
A fissure through which the umbilical vein enters the liver
What lobe of the liver has a gastric impression
The left lateral
What are the two processes of the caudate lobe of the liver
Caudate process and papillary process
What lobe of the liver has the duodenal impression
Right lateral and caudate process
Where does the papillary process of the caudate lobe lie
In the lesser curvature of the stomach, under the lesser omentum
Bile is secreted by ___ and is collected into ____ which drain into ____
Liver cells; the canaliculi; interlobular ducts
The interlobular ducts of each liver lobe untie to form…
Hepatic ducts (from each lobe)
The neck of the gallbladder is continued as…
The cystic duct
The hepatic ducts and cystic duct form the…
Bile duct
Where does the bile duct terminate
On the major duodenal papilla alongside the pancreatic duct
What are the parts of the stomach
The cardiac part, the fundus, the body, and the pyloric part
What part of the stomach joins the duodenum at the sphinceter
The pylorus
What happens when the stomach is empty
It is hidden from palpitation by the liver
What are the longitudinal folds of the mucosa of the stomach called
The rugae
What is the most fixed part of the small intestine
The duodenum
What are the 5 parts of the duodenum
Cranial duodenal flexure, descending part, caudal duodenal flexure, ascending part and duodenojejunal flexure
The jejunum forms the…
Colis of the small intestine
What does the root of the mesentery attach
The jejunum and ileum to the dorsal body wall
What lies in the vessels of the mesentary
The mesenteric lymph nodes
What is the longest portion of the small intestine
The jejunum
What is the terminal part of the small intestine
The ileum
Where does the ileum join the ascending colon
Ileocolic orifice
What structure is found between the ileum and colon
Cecum
Where does the cecum join the ascending colon
Cecocolic orifice
What are the three parts of the colon
Ascending, transverse, descending
Where does the body of the pancreas lie
At the pylorus
What did we have to move to expose the right lobe of the pancreas
Descending duodenum
What are the two ducts of the pancreatic duct system
Pancreatic duct (smaller, sometimes absent) and accessory pancreatic duct (larger)
The pancreatic duct opens on the…
Major duodenal papilla
The accessory pancreatic duct opens on the…
Minor duodenal papilla
Where is the accessory pancreatic duct located
Between the right lobe of the pancreas and the descending duodenum
Adrenal glands are located at the cranial aspect of each…
Kidney
What covers the adrenal glands
The common trunk of the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal veins (leave deep groove on ventral surface)
What are kidneys considered to be retroperitoneal organs
Because they are only covered on their ventral surface by peritoneum
What/where is the hilus of the kidney
It is where the renal vessels and nerves and the ureter communicate with the kidney, it is located at the middle of the medial border
The expanded part of the urter within the kidney is…
The renal pelvis
What is the renal sinus
The fat filled space that contains the renal vessels and surrounds the renal pelvis
The right ovary lies ____ to the left ovary
Cranial
Each ovary is enclosed by…
The ovarian bursa, a thin walled peritoneal sac
Ovarian bursa is formed by…
The mesovarium and mesosalphinx
What is the small cordlike thickening of the ovarian bursa
The uterine tube
What is the infundibulum
The dilated ovarian end of the uterine tube
Where does the uterine tube open to the uterine horn
At the tubouterine junction (where sperm and ova are regulated in their transit)
What are the broad ligaments of the uterus
The peritoneal folds on each side that attach to the lateral sublumbar region , they suspend all internal genitalia except caudal part of vagina
What are the three parts of the broad ligaments
Mesometrium, mesovarium, and mesosalphinx
What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary
It holds the ovary in a relatively fixed position
What is the proper ligament of the ovary
It attaches the ovary to the cranial end of the uterine horn
What is the round ligament of the uterus
Homologue of the embryonic gubernaculum, no function is adult
What are the 3 layers of the peritoneum
Parietal, visceral and connecting
What forms the peritoneal folds known as the mesentaries, omenta or ligaments
Connecting peritoneum
In the embryo, the dorsal common mesentery persists from cranial to caudal as…
The greater omentum, mesoduodenum, mesentery and mesocolon
What is the omentum
Connecting peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the body wall or other organs (it is an extended mesogastrium)
The greater omentum is…
An extended fold of dorsal mesogastrium
From the greater curvature of the stomach, the greater omentum extends…
Caudally as the superficial leaf between the jejunum and abd wall
What does the deep leaf of the greater omentum contain
The left lobe of the pancreas
What does the lesser omentum span from and to
From the lesser curvature of the stomach to the porta of the liver
What is enveloped by the lesser omentum
The papillary process of the liver
What attaches the liver to the duodenum
Hepatoduodenal duct
What does the hepatoduodenal duct contain
The portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
The ascending duodenum is secondarily attaches to the mesocolon of the descending colon by…
The duodenocolic fold
What does the mesentery attach to and by means of what
To the abd wall opposite L2, by the root of the mesentary
Where does the left/right triangular ligament extend
From the left/right crus of the diaphragm above the central tendinous part to the left/right lateral lobe of the liver
Where does the coronary ligament pass
Between the diaphragm and the liver, around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
Where does the falciform ligament extend
From the liver to the diaphragm and ventral ad wall to the umbilicus
What is the remnant of the umbilical vein
Round ligament of the liver
Where does the bladder lie when it is empty
Floor of pelvic inlet
Where does the bladder lie with it is full
Floor of abdomen, displaces moveable viscera
Where does the gravid uterus lie
The floor of the abdomen
Arterial supply of the diaphragm
Phrenic a., between cranial mesenteric and renal a.
Function of the spleen
Destroys old red blood cells, provides lymphocytes and antibodies to the immune system
Function of liver
Secretes bile salts to emulsify digested fats
Where is the gallbladder located
Between the quadrate and right medial lobe of the liver
The union of the hepatic and cystic duct form…
The bile duct
Where does the bile duct terminate
At the major duodenal papilla
What are the 3 parts of the pancreas
Left lobe, body and right lobe
What is the function of the pancreas
Secretes proteolytic enzymes and insulin
Where does the pancreatic duct empty
With bile duct in major duodenal papilla
Where does the accessory pancreatic duct empty
Minor duodenal papilla
What are the 3 parts of the stomach
Fundus, body and pyloric
What is the passage of food in a ruminant
Feed, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and small intestine
What is the most fixed part of the small intestine
Duodenum
What part of the small intestine connects with the colon
Ileum, at ileocolic orifice
What is the function of the cecum in herbivores
House bacteria that aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials (cellulose)
What is the function of the adrenal glands
Regulate stress by producing cortisol and adrenaline, and steroids
The right kidney lies opposite…
L1-L3
The left kidney lies opposite…
L2-L4
Ovaries are enclosed in…
The ovarian bursa
Infundibulum
Catches ova after ovulation, leads into uterine tube
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Hold ovary in fixed position to body wall
Proper ligament of ovary
Attaches ovary to cranial end of uterine horn
What are the 3 ligaments that make up the broad ligament of the uterus
Mesometrium, mesovarium and mesosalphinx
The uterus receives blood from both…
Uterine and ovarian arteries
What is the innervation of the uterus
Left and right hypogastric nerves (sympathetic) and pelvic nerves (parasympathetic)
