The Head Flashcards
1
Q
Where do the sagittal crest and temporal lines join
A
The external occipital protuberance
2
Q
What is the nuchal crest
A
The transition between dorsal and caudal surface of skull
3
Q
The temporal fossa is bound medially by….
A
Saggital crest
4
Q
The temporal fossa is bound caudally by…
A
Nuchal crest
5
Q
The temporal fossa is bound ventrally by…
A
Zygomatic process/temporal bone
6
Q
Mesaticephalic
A
Average conformation
7
Q
Dolichocephalic
A
Longer face
8
Q
Brachycephalic
A
Smushed face
9
Q
What shaped is the nasal bone in brachycephalic breeds
A
Round
10
Q
What shape is the nasal bone in dolichocephalic breeds
A
Oval
11
Q
What bone contains the upper cheek teeth and canines
A
Maxilla
12
Q
The incisive bone contains…
A
3 upper incisor teeth
13
Q
What are the 3 caudal openings of the orbit
A
Optic canal, orbital fissure and rostral alar foramen
14
Q
What passes through the optic canal
A
Optic n.
15
Q
What passes through the orbital fissure
A
Oculomotor n., trochlear n., abducent n., ophtalmic n.
16
Q
What passes through the rostral alar foramen
A
Maxillary a. and n.
17
Q
What forms the orbital margin
A
Frontal, lacrimal and zygomatic bones
18
Q
What forms the zygomatic arch
A
Maxilla, zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
19
Q
The zygomatic arch forms the…
A
Cheek bone
20
Q
Origin of the massester m.
A
Zygomatic arch
21
Q
Pterygoid m. origin
A
Pterygopalatine
22
Q
What is the orbital ligament
A
The fibrous band between the zygomatic process and frontal process
23
Q
Fossa for lacrimal sac
A
Nasolacrimal canal for nasolacrimal duct
24
Q
Infraorbital foramen
A
Rostral opening of infraorbital canal, passageway for infraorbital a/v/n
25
The ventral surface of the skull consists of...
Basiooccipital b., tympanic b., petrosal part of temporal b., basiphenoid b., and presphenoid b.
26
Origin of digastricus m.
Paracondylar process
27
What muscles terminate on the mastoid process
Mastoid parts of cleidocephalicus and sternocephalicus
28
What exits through the oval foramen
Mandibular n.
29
The tympano-occipital fissure is a passageway for what?
Glossopharyngeal n., vaugs n., accessory n., internal carotid a., internal jugular v., postganglionic axons from cranial cervical ganglion
30
What joint forms the mandibular fossa
Temporomandibular joint
31
What is the mandibular fossa
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulating with condyles of mandible
32
The external occipital protuberance is also called...
The sagittal crest of the skull
33
What is the foramen magnum
The passageway of the spinal cord which continues as the brainstem
34
What is the hyoid apparatus
Composed of hyoid bones that stabilize the tonhus and larynx by suspending them from the skull
35
The lower and upper jaw are each divided into...
Body and ramus
36
Masseter m. insertion
Masseteric fossa
37
The medial side of the coronoid process has a depression for...
Insertion of the temporal m.
38
Condylar process
Helps form the temporomandibular joint
39
Mandibular notch
U shaped depression between condylar process and coronoid process
40
Angular process
Hooked eminence ventral to condylar process
41
The angular process is the attachment of the ___ m. medially, and ___ m. laterally
Pterygoid; masseter
42
Mandibular foramen
Caudal opening of mandibular canal
43
Deciduous teeth are fully erupted...
At 6 weeks
44
Permanent teeth are fully erupted...
6 months
45
What is the roof of the braincase called
The calvaria
46
What forms the calvaria
The parietal and frontal bones
47
Choanae
Caudal end of the nasal septum where the 2 nasal cavities open into the nasopharynx
48
Conchae
In each half of nasal cavity, act as baffles to warm and cleanse the air, also have olfactory neurons
49
The ventral and dorsal concha are divided into 4 primary passages known as...
Meatuses: dorsal nasal, middle nasal, ventral nasal and common nasal
50
What is the only muscle of the face not innervated by the facial nerve
Levator palpebrae superioris m.
51
Orbicularis oris function
Shapes and controls the size of the mouth opening
52
Buccinator m.
Returns food from vestibule to occlusal surface of teeth
53
Levator nasobialis origin
Maxillary bone
54
Levator nasobialis insertion
Edge of upper lip on external naris
55
Levator nasobialis function
Dilates the nostrils and raises the upper lip
56
What eyelid has cilia
Upper
57
Lacrimal gland secretes into...
Conjunctival sac
58
Another name for plica semilunaris
3rd eyelid, nictitating membrane
59
Function of 3rd eyelide
Lubricates the cornea
60
What is cherry eye
When the tear gland of the nictitating membrane is prolapsed
61
What muscle closes the eyelifes
Orbicularis oculi
62
Action of retractor anguli oculi lateralis m.
Close palpebral fissure
63
Function of levator palpebrae superioris m.
Elevates upper lid
64
Innervation of levator palpebrae superioris m.
Oculomotor n.
65
Vestibule
Cavity outside the teeth and gums and inside the lips and cheeks
66
Parotid duct
Opens through the cheek on a small papilla located opposite the caudal end of the upper shearing tooth
67
Ducts of zygomatic gland
Open into vestibule lateral to last upper molar tooth
68
What are the 5 types of papillae on the tongue
Filiform, conical, fungiform, foliate, vallate
69
What are the papillae that make up the taste buds
Fungiform (salt), foliate (bitter), vallate (sweet)
70
What allows the dog to curl its tongue when it drinks
Lyssa
71
What attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
Lingual frenulum
72
What are the 4 salivary glands/ducts
Mandibular, sublingual, parotid, zygomatic
73
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands
Cranial nerves, facial and glossopharyngeal
74
What is the sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands
Preganglionic n. in thoracic segments T1-T3 synapse in the cranial cervical ganglion
75
What is the vomeronasal organ
Tubular structure found at the base of nasal spetum, olfactory receptor of sexual stimuli
76
What closes off the nasal passages during swallowing
Soft palate
77
The incisive papilla is the opening to...
The incisive duct
78
Oropharynx
Extends from caudal border of soft palate and the base of the epiglottis at the caudal end of the root of the tongue
79
Palatine tonsil
Fossa in which the tonsil is located
80
Nasopharynx
Extends from choanae to junction of palatopharyngeal arch at caudal border of soft palate
81
Auditory tube
Slitlike opening that drains excess mucus of tympanic bulla
82
Laryngopharynx
Extends from palatopharyngeal arch to the beginning of the esophagus
83
What are the 4 muscles of mastication
Temporalis, masseter, medial & lateral pterygoid and digastricus
84
Temporalis origin
Temporal fossa
85
Temporalis insertion
Coronoid process of mandible
86
Temporalis action
Closes the jaw
87
Temporalis innervation
Mandibular and trigeminal nerves
88
Masseter origin
Zygomatic arch
89
Masseter insertion
Masseteric fossa of mandible and angular process
90
Masseter action
Closes the jaw
91
Masseter innervation
Mandibular and trigeminal nerves
92
Medial & lateral pterygoid origin
Pterygopalatine fossa
93
Medial & lateral pterygoid insertion
Medial surface and caudal margin of the ramus of the mandible and angular process
94
Medial & lateral pterygoid innervation
Mandibular and trigeminal nerves
95
Digastricus origin
Paracondylar process of occipital bone
96
Digastricus insertion
Body of mandible
97
What are the two parts of the digastricus
Rostral and caudal
98
Digastricus action
Open the jaw
99
Digastricus innervation
Rostral: mandibular n.
Caudal: facial n.
100
What are the 3 lingual muscles
Styloglossus, hyoglossus and geniglossus
101
Styloglossus origin
Stylohyoid bone
102
Styloglossus insertion
Middle of the tongue
103
Styloglossus action
Retracts and elevates the tongue
104
Styloglossus innervation
Hypoglossal n. (XII)
105
Hyoglossus origin
Thyrohyoid and basihyoid bones
106
Hyoglossus action
Retracts and depresses tongue
107
Hyoglossus innervation
Hypoglossal n. (XII)
108
Genioglossus origin
Symphysis and adjacent surface of the body of mandible
109
Genioglossus action
Caudal fibers: protrude tongue
| Rostral fibers: retracts apex
110
Genioglossus
Hypoglossal n. (XII)
111
What are the 7 extrinsic muscles of the eye
Obliquus dorsalis, obliquus ventraliz, dorsal rectus, ventral rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, retractor bubli
112
What is the trochlea of the eye
A pulley structure in the eye through which the dorsal oblique muscle passes
113
What does the trochlear n. innervate
Obliquus dorsalis
114
What does the oculomotor n. innervate
Obliquus ventralis and all the rectus muscles except the lateral one
115
What does the abducent n. innervate
Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi
116
Where do all the eye muscles insert
Sclera
117
Retractor bulbi action
Keeps eye in orbit
118
Dorsal rectus action
Moves eye up and down
119
Lateral rectus action
Abduction
120
Ventral rectus action
Moves eye downward
121
Obliquus ventralis action
Pulls eye up and laterally
122
Obliquus dorsalis action
Pulls eye down and medially
123
Medial rectus action
Adduction
124
Dorsal rectus action
Moves eye up
