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Comparative Anatomy > Muscles of the Trunk and Neck > Flashcards

Muscles of the Trunk and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Axial muscles are divided into

A

Epaxial and Hypaxial

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2
Q

Location of epaxial muscles

A

Dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae

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3
Q

Function of epaxial muscles

A

Extensors or vertebral column

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4
Q

Location of hypaxial muscles

A

Ventral to the transverse processes

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5
Q

The superficial fascia of the trunk contains…

A

The cutaneous trunci and vessels and nerves

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6
Q

Another name for deep fascia of the trunk

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

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7
Q

What is the thoracolumbar fascia attached to

A

The spinous and transverse processes of the T and L vertebrae

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8
Q

What forms the linea alba

A

The thoracolumbar fascia

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9
Q

Divisions of the hypaxial muscles

A

Muscles of the neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, and inguinal canal

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10
Q

Muscles of the neck

A

Longus capitis and longus colli

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11
Q

Longus capitis location

A

Lateral surface of the C vertebrae, lateral to the longus colli

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12
Q

The longus colli covers…

A

The ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from the 6th T vertebrae cranially to the atlas

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13
Q

What do you have to reflect to see longus colli

A

The trachea and the esophagus

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14
Q

Muscles of the thoracic wall

A

Scalenus, serratus ventralis cervicis and thoracis, serratus dorsalis (cranialis and caudalis), external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles

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15
Q

The scalenus is a muscles of…

A

Inspiration

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16
Q

What is under the serratus ventralis

A

Serratus dorsalis

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17
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis lies on…

A

Dorsal surface of cranial thorax

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18
Q

Serratus dorsalis caudalis lies on…

A

Dorsal surface of caudal thorax

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19
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis function

A

Lifts ribs for inspiration

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20
Q

Serratus dorsalis caudalis function

A

Draws the last three ribs caudally in expiration

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21
Q

The external intercostal muscle fibers run…

A

Caudoventrally

22
Q

The internal intercostal muscle fibers run…

A

Cranioventrally

23
Q

What lies medially to the internal intercostal muscles

A

The pleura

24
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

A

External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis

25
Q

What are the functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall

A

Urination, defecation, parturition, respiration or locomotion

26
Q

What covers the abdominal muscles superficially and deeply

A

Abdominal fascia; transverse fascia

27
Q

The fibers of the external abd oblique run…

A

Caudoventrally

28
Q

The linea alba extends from…

A

xiphoid process to the symphysis pelvis

29
Q

What forms the superficial inguinal ring

A

Two parts of the external abd oblique coming together

30
Q

What covers the superficial inguinal ring

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

31
Q

Vaginal tunic/process

A

A blind extension of peritoneum that protrudes through the inguinal canal to a subcutaneous position outside the body

32
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal in both the male and female

A

The external pudendal artery and vein and the genitofemoral nerve

33
Q

The ventral portion of the inguinal ligament is interposed between…

A

The superficial inguinal ring and vascular lacuna

34
Q

The fibers of the internal abd oblique run…

A

Cranioventrally

35
Q

In the male, the fibers from the caudal border of the internal abd oblique form the…

A

Cremaster muscle (accompanies the vaginal tunique)

36
Q

The transversus abdominis is medial to…

A

The internal abd oblique and the rectus abdominis

37
Q

The fibers of the transversus abdominis run…

A

Transversely

38
Q

External sheath of rectus abdominis is formed by…

A

The fused aponeurosis of the oblique muscles

39
Q

Internal sheath of rectus abdominis is formed by…

A

The aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis

40
Q

The vaginal tunic and spermatic cord, or the vaginal process, pass…

A

Obliquely caudoventrally through the inguinal canal

41
Q

Epaxial muscle systems

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus and transversospinalis

42
Q

Parts of the iliocostalis system

A

Lumborum and thoracis

43
Q

The iliocostalis lumborum is fused medially with..

A

Longissimus lumborum (only in lumbar region, it is distinct cranially)

44
Q

Parts of the longissimus system

A

Thoracis et lumborum, cervicis, capitis

45
Q

Fibers of longissimus thoracis et lumborum run…

A

Craniolaterally

46
Q

Longissimus cervicis consists of…

A

Four fascicles (like stairs)

47
Q

Longissimus capitis is medial to…

A

Longissimus cervicis and the splenius

48
Q

Muscles of the transversospinalis system

A

Spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinalis and intertransversarius

49
Q

The splenius is deep to…

A

Rhomboideus capitis and serratus dorsalis cranialis

50
Q

Semispinalis capitis lies deep to…

A

The splenius

51
Q

Two muscles of semispinalis capitis

A

Biventer cervicis (dorsal) and ventral complexus (ventral)

52
Q

What did we have to transect to see the nuchal ligament

A

Splenius and semispinalis

Comparative Anatomy (27 decks)

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