Muscles of the Trunk and Neck Flashcards
Axial muscles are divided into
Epaxial and Hypaxial
Location of epaxial muscles
Dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae
Function of epaxial muscles
Extensors or vertebral column
Location of hypaxial muscles
Ventral to the transverse processes
The superficial fascia of the trunk contains…
The cutaneous trunci and vessels and nerves
Another name for deep fascia of the trunk
Thoracolumbar fascia
What is the thoracolumbar fascia attached to
The spinous and transverse processes of the T and L vertebrae
What forms the linea alba
The thoracolumbar fascia
Divisions of the hypaxial muscles
Muscles of the neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, and inguinal canal
Muscles of the neck
Longus capitis and longus colli
Longus capitis location
Lateral surface of the C vertebrae, lateral to the longus colli
The longus colli covers…
The ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from the 6th T vertebrae cranially to the atlas
What do you have to reflect to see longus colli
The trachea and the esophagus
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Scalenus, serratus ventralis cervicis and thoracis, serratus dorsalis (cranialis and caudalis), external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles
The scalenus is a muscles of…
Inspiration
What is under the serratus ventralis
Serratus dorsalis
Serratus dorsalis cranialis lies on…
Dorsal surface of cranial thorax
Serratus dorsalis caudalis lies on…
Dorsal surface of caudal thorax
Serratus dorsalis cranialis function
Lifts ribs for inspiration
Serratus dorsalis caudalis function
Draws the last three ribs caudally in expiration
The external intercostal muscle fibers run…
Caudoventrally
The internal intercostal muscle fibers run…
Cranioventrally
What lies medially to the internal intercostal muscles
The pleura
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis
What are the functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall
Urination, defecation, parturition, respiration or locomotion
What covers the abdominal muscles superficially and deeply
Abdominal fascia; transverse fascia
The fibers of the external abd oblique run…
Caudoventrally
The linea alba extends from…
xiphoid process to the symphysis pelvis
What forms the superficial inguinal ring
Two parts of the external abd oblique coming together
What covers the superficial inguinal ring
Thoracolumbar fascia
Vaginal tunic/process
A blind extension of peritoneum that protrudes through the inguinal canal to a subcutaneous position outside the body
What passes through the inguinal canal in both the male and female
The external pudendal artery and vein and the genitofemoral nerve
The ventral portion of the inguinal ligament is interposed between…
The superficial inguinal ring and vascular lacuna
The fibers of the internal abd oblique run…
Cranioventrally
In the male, the fibers from the caudal border of the internal abd oblique form the…
Cremaster muscle (accompanies the vaginal tunique)
The transversus abdominis is medial to…
The internal abd oblique and the rectus abdominis
The fibers of the transversus abdominis run…
Transversely
External sheath of rectus abdominis is formed by…
The fused aponeurosis of the oblique muscles
Internal sheath of rectus abdominis is formed by…
The aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis
The vaginal tunic and spermatic cord, or the vaginal process, pass…
Obliquely caudoventrally through the inguinal canal
Epaxial muscle systems
Iliocostalis, longissimus and transversospinalis
Parts of the iliocostalis system
Lumborum and thoracis
The iliocostalis lumborum is fused medially with..
Longissimus lumborum (only in lumbar region, it is distinct cranially)
Parts of the longissimus system
Thoracis et lumborum, cervicis, capitis
Fibers of longissimus thoracis et lumborum run…
Craniolaterally
Longissimus cervicis consists of…
Four fascicles (like stairs)
Longissimus capitis is medial to…
Longissimus cervicis and the splenius
Muscles of the transversospinalis system
Spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinalis and intertransversarius
The splenius is deep to…
Rhomboideus capitis and serratus dorsalis cranialis
Semispinalis capitis lies deep to…
The splenius
Two muscles of semispinalis capitis
Biventer cervicis (dorsal) and ventral complexus (ventral)
What did we have to transect to see the nuchal ligament
Splenius and semispinalis
