Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thorax

Question 1

How many bones in the vertebral column

Answer 1

50

Question 2

5 groups of the vertebrae

Answer 2

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal

Question 3

The sacrum is…

Answer 3

The three sacral vertebrae fused together

Question 4

What does a typical vertebrae consist of

Answer 4

A body, a vertebral arch with right and left pedicles and laminae, and transverse, spinous and articular processes

Question 5

The cranial extremity of the body is…

Answer 5

Convex

Question 6

The caudal extremity of the body is…

Answer 6

Concave

Question 7

What is the fibrocartilaginous structure between vertebral bodies

Answer 7

Nucleus pulposus

Question 8

What is the anulus fibrosus

Answer 8

The dense fibrous tissue that surrounds the nucleus pulposus

Question 9

How is the vertebral arch divided

Answer 9

Basal part: the pedicles

Dorsal part: the laminae

Question 10

The vertebral foramina join to form…

Answer 10

The vertebral canal

Question 11

The cranial vertebral notches are…

Answer 11

Shallow

Question 12

The caudal vertebral notches are…

Answer 12

Deep

Question 13

What does the spinal nerves and blood vessels pass through

Answer 13

The intervertebral foramina (formed by the vertebral notches)

Question 14

What makes the spinous process

Answer 14

The joining of the right and left laminae

Question 15

The transverse process forms when…

Answer 15

The arch meets the vertebral body

Question 16

Where are the articular processes located

Answer 16

At the junction of the pedicle and laminae

Question 17

How many C vertebrae

Answer 17

7

Question 18

What is different about the atlas

Answer 18

Modified articular processes, lack of spinous process and reduction in its body

Question 19

The 2 cranial articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull to form…

Answer 19

The atlanto-occipital joint

Question 20

Main movement of the atlanto-occipital joint is

Answer 20

Flexion and extension

Question 21

What joint is formed between the atlas and axis

Answer 21

Atlanto axial joint

Question 22

Main movement of the atlantoaxial joint is

Answer 22

Rotation

Question 23

What passes through the transverse foramina of the atlas

Answer 23

The vertebral artery and vein and 1st C spinal nerve

Question 24

The first cervical spinal nerves pass through which foramina

Answer 24

The transverse and lateral vertebral foramina of the atlas

Question 25

What is different about the axis

Answer 25

Cranially, the body projects forward as the dens

Question 26

The cranial vertebral notch of the axis concurs with the atlas to form...

Answer 26

The first intervertebral foramen (where the second C nerve passes)

Question 27

What is different about the 6th C vertebrae

Answer 27

It has a high spine and expanded ventral lamina of the transverse process

Question 28

What is different about the 7th C vertebrae

Answer 28

It lacks transverse foramina and has the highest spine

Question 29

How many T vertebrae

Answer 29

13

Question 30

The 1-10 T vertebrae have...

Answer 30

Cranial and caudal costal fovea on each side for rib articulation

Question 31

What is different about the 11-13 T vertebrae

Answer 31

They have one complete cranial costal fovea on each side

Question 32

What vertebrae is the anticlinal vertebrae

Answer 32

11th T, because it is nearly perpendicular to the long axis of that bone

Question 33

All spines caudal to the 11th T point...

Answer 33

Cranially

Question 34

In general, the cranial articular processes point

Answer 34

Dorsal cranial

Question 35

In general, the caudal articular process point

Answer 35

Ventral caudal

Question 36

What allows for the flexion and extension of the caudal-thoracic and lumbar region while limiting lateral movement

Answer 36

The caudal articular processes facing laterally (10-13T) and the cranial articular processes facing medially (11-13T); similar arrangement in L vertebrae

Question 37

What is the mammillary process

Answer 37

Dorsal projection of the transverse processes of the 2nd through 10th T vertebrae and cranial articular processes of the 11th T through caudal vertebrae

Question 38

What attaches to the mammillary processes

Answer 38

Epaxial muscles of the transversospinalis system

Question 39

How many L vertebrae

Answer 39

7

Question 40

The median sacral crest represents...

Answer 40

The fusion of the 3 spinous processes of the sacrum

Question 41

What transmits the dorsal branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves

Answer 41

The dorsal sacral foramina of the sacrum

Question 42

What transmits the ventral branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves

Answer 42

The pelvic sacral foramina of the sacrum

Question 43

What part of the sacrum articulates with the ilium

Answer 43

Auricular face

Question 44

What is the average number of Ca vertebrae in the dog

Answer 44

20

Question 45

How many pairs of ribs

Answer 45

13

Question 46

All ribs have...

Answer 46

Dorsal bony and ventral cartilaginous parts that meet at a costochondral junction

Question 47

What ribs articulate directly with the sternum

Answer 47

The first 9 pairs

Question 48

What forms the costal arch

Answer 48

The costal cartilages of the 10, 11 and 12 ribs uniting

Question 49

The head of ribs 1-10 articulates with...

Answer 49

The costal fovea of 2 vertebrae and the intervening fibrocartilage

Question 50

The head of ribs 11-13 articulate with...

Answer 50

Only the cranial costal fovea on the body of the vertebrae of the same number

Question 51

How many segments in the sternum

Answer 51

8, unpaired

Question 52

What joins the sternebrae

Answer 52

Intersternebral cartilages

Question 53

What is the name for the first sternebrae

Answer 53

The manubrium

Question 54

What is the name for the last sternebrae

Answer 54

The xiphoid process