Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thorax Flashcards
How many bones in the vertebral column
50
5 groups of the vertebrae
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal
The sacrum is…
The three sacral vertebrae fused together
What does a typical vertebrae consist of
A body, a vertebral arch with right and left pedicles and laminae, and transverse, spinous and articular processes
The cranial extremity of the body is…
Convex
The caudal extremity of the body is…
Concave
What is the fibrocartilaginous structure between vertebral bodies
Nucleus pulposus
What is the anulus fibrosus
The dense fibrous tissue that surrounds the nucleus pulposus
How is the vertebral arch divided
Basal part: the pedicles
Dorsal part: the laminae
The vertebral foramina join to form…
The vertebral canal
The cranial vertebral notches are…
Shallow
The caudal vertebral notches are…
Deep
What does the spinal nerves and blood vessels pass through
The intervertebral foramina (formed by the vertebral notches)
What makes the spinous process
The joining of the right and left laminae
The transverse process forms when…
The arch meets the vertebral body
Where are the articular processes located
At the junction of the pedicle and laminae
How many C vertebrae
7
What is different about the atlas
Modified articular processes, lack of spinous process and reduction in its body
The 2 cranial articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull to form…
The atlanto-occipital joint
Main movement of the atlanto-occipital joint is
Flexion and extension
What joint is formed between the atlas and axis
Atlanto axial joint
Main movement of the atlantoaxial joint is
Rotation
What passes through the transverse foramina of the atlas
The vertebral artery and vein and 1st C spinal nerve
The first cervical spinal nerves pass through which foramina
The transverse and lateral vertebral foramina of the atlas
What is different about the axis
Cranially, the body projects forward as the dens
The cranial vertebral notch of the axis concurs with the atlas to form…
The first intervertebral foramen (where the second C nerve passes)
What is different about the 6th C vertebrae
It has a high spine and expanded ventral lamina of the transverse process
What is different about the 7th C vertebrae
It lacks transverse foramina and has the highest spine
How many T vertebrae
13
The 1-10 T vertebrae have…
Cranial and caudal costal fovea on each side for rib articulation
What is different about the 11-13 T vertebrae
They have one complete cranial costal fovea on each side
What vertebrae is the anticlinal vertebrae
11th T, because it is nearly perpendicular to the long axis of that bone
All spines caudal to the 11th T point…
Cranially
In general, the cranial articular processes point
Dorsal cranial
In general, the caudal articular process point
Ventral caudal
What allows for the flexion and extension of the caudal-thoracic and lumbar region while limiting lateral movement
The caudal articular processes facing laterally (10-13T) and the cranial articular processes facing medially (11-13T); similar arrangement in L vertebrae
What is the mammillary process
Dorsal projection of the transverse processes of the 2nd through 10th T vertebrae and cranial articular processes of the 11th T through caudal vertebrae
What attaches to the mammillary processes
Epaxial muscles of the transversospinalis system
How many L vertebrae
7
The median sacral crest represents…
The fusion of the 3 spinous processes of the sacrum
What transmits the dorsal branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves
The dorsal sacral foramina of the sacrum
What transmits the ventral branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves
The pelvic sacral foramina of the sacrum
What part of the sacrum articulates with the ilium
Auricular face
What is the average number of Ca vertebrae in the dog
20
How many pairs of ribs
13
All ribs have…
Dorsal bony and ventral cartilaginous parts that meet at a costochondral junction
What ribs articulate directly with the sternum
The first 9 pairs
What forms the costal arch
The costal cartilages of the 10, 11 and 12 ribs uniting
The head of ribs 1-10 articulates with…
The costal fovea of 2 vertebrae and the intervening fibrocartilage
The head of ribs 11-13 articulate with…
Only the cranial costal fovea on the body of the vertebrae of the same number
How many segments in the sternum
8, unpaired
What joins the sternebrae
Intersternebral cartilages
What is the name for the first sternebrae
The manubrium
What is the name for the last sternebrae
The xiphoid process
