The heart 2

Question 1

What are the two phases of the heart and what is occuring during these phases\

Answer 1

systole: heart compressing
diastole: heart filling

Question 2

what are the two types of valves in the heart + names of them

Answer 2

semilunar:
RHS: pulminar value (3l)
LHS: aorta (3l)

atrioventricular:
RHS: tricuspid valve (3l)
LHS: Bicuspid valve (2l)

Question 3

What is the anatpomy of atrioventricular values

Answer 3

atrioventicular valve leaflet ->
chordae tendineae ->
papillary muscles
function is to ensure smooth closing of the AV valves

Question 3

How do atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves function

Answer 3

atrioventricular valves open during diastole close during systole

semilunar valves open when blood moving out from ventriles and close when blood trys to move back

Question 4

what are the artery connections of the heart

Answer 4

left coronary artey splits to cercumflexor artery and anterior intraventricular atery
+ right coronary atery

Question 5

What are the veins of the heart

Answer 5

Coronary sinus - drained to RHS atrium
Great cardiac vein LHS- leads to coronary sinus
small cardiac vein RHS- leads to coronary sinus

Question 6

define the properties of cardiac muscle compaired to skeletal muscles

Answer 6

-stirated both
- short branched CM, long straight SM
- 1 nuclus central CM, many nucleus sides SM
- cytoplasmic organelles at poles
- cells connected by intercalated disks (unique)
- high mitochondral density (20% cell weight)
- sarcomeres arent parallel

Question 7

What are the properties of intercalated disk

Answer 7

• adhesion belts - link contractile sections of cells
• desmosomes - adds stength to intercalated disks
• gap junctions - communication between cells

Question 8

what is the point of conduction systems

Answer 8

cells which are responsible for
- the timing of heart contractions + atrioventricular valve leaflets
- increasing heart contraction efficeny
- autonomic nerve alter rate of conduction impulse

Question 9

what are the pathwyas of conduction pathways

Answer 9

sinoatrial node -> internodal pathways, -> atriventircular node -> atrioventricular bundl -> right + left brances -> purkinje fibers- strta the contraction from apex

Question 10

conduction cell properties

Answer 10

• central nucli, high mitochondria, glycogen
• few adhesion belts,
• some desmosomes,
• lots of gap junctions
• non contractile
• 1% of muscle cells

Question 11

How does the heart function in referance to all the cells

Answer 11

As a functional syncytium