The heart Flashcards
What are the four organs + roles of these in the vascular system
Heart = pump
Ateries = supply
veins + lymphatics = drainage
capillaries = exchange system
How do the blood and lymph systems ciruclate
Blood is a closed loop of supply and draining
Lymph is a 1 way system drains and feeds back to the veins of the RHS of the heart
What are the two cirulations of the vasular system and their functions
Pulminary ciruclation = takes blood from right ventricule to be oxygenated in the lungs then returned to left atrum
Systematic ciruclation = takes oxygenated blood from the left ventrile around the body back to the right atrium.
What is the supply pathway
Ateries - high pressure + velocity
- major arteries loacted to avoid damage
- important structures have 2 sources
- name changes at major intersections
what is the exchange network
the capilaries
sinusodial - v leak
fenestrated - leak
continuous - contained
What are our drainage methods
superfisal veins
deep veins
lymphatic
Why can we have superfisal veins but not arteries
+ solution to the problem this causes
Arteries carry blood under high pressure and velocity = damage causes lots of blood loss
Veins carry blood under low pressure post capilary exchange = less blood per second
to ensure equal supply and removal veins much larger surface area than arteries
What is the name of the four chambers of the heart
left atrium left ventrile
right atrium right ventricle
what is the orientation of the heart within the trunk
base loacted around the 2nd and 3rd rib
apex loacted inline with left midclavicular line, around the 5th to 6th rib
tilted back and rotated left, creting the apex + right chambers more anterior
what is the other name for the apex of the heart
The point of maximal intensity
What seperates the two ventriles
The intraventricular septum
What is the pathway of blood ciruclation around the body
deoxygenated to RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV through pulminary valve -> pulminary artery in pulimary circulation -> lungs -> 4 pulminary veins -> LA ->bicuspid valve -> LV through aorta -> systematic system
What is the function and name of the two types of valves
to ensure unidirectional flow
- atrioventricular valves
- semilunar valves
What are the layers of the heart
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of the serous pericardium
pericardiac space
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
What are the features of the 3 main layers of the heart
epicardium
- viceral serous pericardium
- loose irregular FCT + adipos
- Blood vessles
Myocardium
- thickest layer of cardiac muscle
endocardium
- have simple squamous epithelia, endotherlium
- prevents blood sticking to walls
- loos irregular FCT support
