PT 2 revision

Question 1

What is the start and end of the conduction + respiroty zones

Answer 1

Conduction: nose -> bronchiolies
respiritory: bronchiloies -> alveolar

Question 2

What are the two bones superior aspect of the nose called

Answer 2

bridge of the nose

Question 3

what is the function + side effect of the nasal cavity mucosa

Answer 3

Highly vasularised tissue -> enable dilation to warm air

Source of nose bleeds

Question 4

How do blocked sinuses occur

Answer 4

When mucus within the sinuses gets infected and drainage

Question 5

What is the name of the top, bottom and latteral aspect of the of the lungs

Answer 5

Apex of the lung = top
base of lung = bottom
costal surfaces = latteral

Question 6

What is surfactant made from

Answer 6

A phospholipid

Question 7

What are the forces which make breathing harder + conditions which show why this makes it worse

Answer 7

1. Stiffness of the lungs
   - compiance normally high, pulmonary fibrosis
   - surface tention prevents expation surfactant breaks this, accute respitory destress sydrome (no surfactant)
2. resistance in the airway
   R = 1/r^4 -> diameter of lungs increases resistance
   force supplied by friction

Question 8

How can a spiromerty trace help detect lung disease

Answer 8

Restricted - reduced VC -> reduced total volume = increased lung stiffness

Obstructive - Reduced FEV1/VC -> reduced outflow ~80% is healthy
- <70% is signifi

Question 9

What is daltons law

Answer 9

Daltons law = the total pressure is the sum of all partial pressures

Question 10

What are the three determinants of alvolar oxygen pressure

Answer 10

1. atomasphric oxygen level
2. venous oxygen level
3. alvelar ventilation

Question 11

What is the most critical system to monitor blood O2 saturation

Answer 11

Chemoreceptors
- can override volentary control of breathing