repro anatomy 2 Flashcards
describe the structures of the scrotum and permatic cord
Scrotum - outside body housing testes, location for temp regulation spermatogenesis occurs best at 34 degrees
dartus muscle - thin muscle around scrotum wall shrived in cold
cremaster muscle - around spermatic cord, pulls testes into body
spermatic cord - strcutres enter/exit scrotum via cord through inguinal canal
- nerves + lymphatics
- ductus deferens
- testicular arteries
- venous plexus - counter currect exchange cool arterial blood
What is the function of the acessory reproductive structures + structures
Fuction - create seminal fluid, sperm motility, nutriance, protection, energy
Prostate gland - 30% spemial fluid, contains prostate specific antigen (PSA) contribute sperm motility, acitivation + viability
seminal vessicles - 60% seminal fluid, slight alkaline for protection against urethral or vaginal acidity
bulbourethral gland - 5% seminal fluid, premature to ejaculation to penile urethra as nutaliser
What does spermatogenesis controled + location
Controled by homonal control: FSH and testonsterone promote
spermatogeneiss
formation of halpoid gametes from dipoloid cells using both meiosis and mitosis
Starts at puberty and stays activive for life in seminiferous tubules
What is the anatomy of the penis
Copulation + urinary organ
Root connected to urogenital triangle - body - glans covered with forskin
3 errectile tissues:
2 corpus cavernosa - main errectile tissue, dorsal
1 corpus spongiosum - urethra + bulbs + glands, ventral
What are the male hormonal control systems - how does the feedback loop function
gonadotripin releasing hormone (GnRH) from HT -> AP
AP releases gonadotropins - follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) + lutinizing hormone (LH)
FSH - acts on nurse cells -> release inhibin
LH - acts on intersital endocrine cells -> release testosterone
FSH + Testosterone - function to promote spermatogenesis
negative feedback
inhibtion - FSH
testosterone - GnRH + LH
What are the three phases of spermatogenisis
spermatogenesis 1:
- spermatogonia divides through mitosis -> spermatogina A stays attached to the basement membrane
spermatogenesis 2:
- spermatogonia B differentiates to primary spermatocyte -> undergoes meiosis 1 -> secondary spermatocyte
spermatogenesis 3:
- secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 2 -> spermatids -> undergo spermiogenesis to become spermatozoa
What are the physical changes during speriogenesis
Takes appx 24 days
Acrosome ontop of nucleus is pushed to form head with nucleus
- important for penitrating oocyte in fertilization
midpeice high in mitochondria for energy when swimming
tail - made from flagella
excess cytosol shed
