LRT Flashcards
What is the functional properties of the larynx
anterior to the assophagous
hyoid bone -> top of trachea
help open by cartalage
contains the glottis
What is the function of the glottis and the name of the cartilage in the larynx
cartilage:
epiglottis = blocl larynx during swallowing
thyroid cartilage + laryngeal prominense = adams apple
ring cartilage = cricoid cartilage
Glottis = voice box:
superior = visibual folds
- false vocal cord, deep sounds, prevent foreign objects entering glottis
inferior = vocal folds
- true vocal cords, air vibrates, used in noraml phonation, testostrone = thicker cords = deepr sound
What is the function of the trachea
anterior to esophogous
bottom tracheia -> bronchi
function = keep patent airways, CWM
C shaped cartilage down - ends connected with smooth muscle = trachealis
- function to give space when swallowing + increase mucus return when coughing
lamina propria + submucosa have increased elastin
what is the mucocilliary escelator
bring mucus from below pharynx to the pharynx-> digestion
Mucus from goblet cells trap debree -:> moved up by cilla on respritory epithelium
also has mucus glands for extra secretion -> made from collections of goblet cells in lamina propria or submucosa
What is the branching of the bronchi tree
Trachia -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> terirary bronch -> … -> bronchioli -> erminal bronchioli -> alveorlar ducts
What is the general anatomy of the lungs
Right lung = 3 lubes
left lung = 2 lobs (heart takes space)
Hilum = entrance and exit place for the bronchi, arterys, veins
root of lung = structures entering the hilum
base = inferior sitting on diaphram
costal surface = lateral by ribs
apex = superior just above clavicle
How does the epithelium change as we move down the bronchi tree
Larynx - RE
trachea - RE
P bronchi - RE
S bronchi (lobar) - RE but goblet cells fewer + lower columnar
T bronchi (segmental) - RE but goblet cells fewer + lower columnar
bronchiole - simple cuboidal +no goblet
terminal bronchiole - simple cuboidal + no goblet
How does smooth muscle change and catilage change as we move down the bronchi tree
Larynx - laryngeal prominese, thyroid cartilage, circoid cartilage
trachea - C shaped cartilage + trachealis
P bronchi - ringed cartilage + ringed smooth muscle
S bronchi (lobar) - plate cartilage + smooth muscle
T bronchi (segmental) - plate catilage + smooth muscle
bronchiole - no cartilage + thick smooth muscle (importnat for bronchodilation/constrict)
terminal bronchiole - each supplying polmonary lobule
What are the two kinds of pneumocytes
tyep1 = common, simple squamous epitheium
type 2 = uncommon, simple cuboidal epithelium
- secreates surfactant = lipoprotein -> decrease surface tention of alveolar fluid
what is a polmonary lobule
+ fact about alveolar
fed by one terminal bronchi
contain many alveolar = large surface area
What are the alveolar walls + blood air barrier
made of thin simple squamous epithelium
- connected fine network of polmonary cappilarys external
attached to a basement membrane = high in glycoproteins
attached to the endothelium of appliarys
What are the alveolar of the lungs
exchange surfaces -> large surface area
pocket like with a hole at one end -> alveolar duct
covered in dense network of capilarys
- contain roming machrophages to catch any remaining debree
