stomach + pancrease Flashcards
What is the serous membrane + sections of within the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum -> prevent the organs from moving to far
viceral = touching organ
parietal = lines body wall
retroperitoneal -> posterior to peritoneum, line pancreases + some SI (not part of peritoneum sits)
omenta = double layer viceral peritoneum -> attach organ to organ
mesentary = double layer viceral peritoneum -> attach organ to body wall
What is the general shape and location of the stomach
J shaped organ at the base of the esophogus after passing through esophageal hiatus
Top blocked by esophogeal sphincter
lesser curve attached by lesser omenta to liver
greater curve attached by greater omenta to transverse colon
What are the main segments of the stomach
carida - attahment of esophagus,
fundus - large superior aspect, normally filled with gasses not food/chyme
body - largest section of the stomach
pylorus - antrum -> pyloric canal -> pyloric oriphise + pyloric sphincter
What controls the actions of the stomach
Endocrine activity - cells in mucosa release gherlin + gastin to blood stream
Nervous control -
Enteric - local reflex + primary response
CNS - moduale ENS + long nervus responses
What are the modifications to the primary layers of the stomach
Musular mucosa -> additional lumenal layer -> obleque layer smooth muscle = extra motility
submucosa -> rugae = temorary fiolds of mucosa + sub mucosa enable expantion of the stomach without streaching the stomach lining
- only present in empty stomach
mucosa -> infolds to increase surface area for gastric glands (note DOES NOT FLATTEN LIKE RUGAE)
- columnar epithelium
What are gastric galnds and the types of cells found in them
Openings at gastric pits -> secreate mucus
below gastric gland = simple
- secreate enzymes, hormones, acid
parietal cells -> secreate acid + intrinsic factors
- high mitochindria to acitvly pump H+ across gradient as acid
- infolds = canuliculi with further protusions microvilli -> increased SA for pumping of H+
- central nucleus
G- cells: secreate gastrin
Cheif cells -> secreate pepsinogen = pepsin -> protease precursore
- apical zymogen granules
- basal nucleus
- developed rER
where does the stomach end and how is this regulated and controled
atrium leads to pyloric canal through pyloric oriphis to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter ensures chyme is sufficently digested to pass through
Chyme leaving = very acidic -> enzymes + bicarbonate from pancreases released -> further digestion + nutrilizing
What are the general properties of the pancrease relating to the stomach
- location
- secreations
- cell description
Located in retropertoneal with head and tail ending in c of duodenum, tail towards spleen
acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes + duct cells secrete bicarbonate
pancreatic duct + bile duct meet at hematopancreatic ampulle
Both release into duodenum at duodenum papilla with release controled by hematopancreatic sphincter
acinar cells of pancrease - apical zymogen granules, basal membrane, developed ER
