sex Flashcards
What is the anatomy of the cross section of a penis
2 erectile tissue types - corpus cavernosum + spongiosum
- contain trabeculae of smooth muscle + lacunae to fill with blood
- urethral artery in corpus spongiosum
- deep artery in 2x corpus cavernosum
Fascia - provide resistance to maintain erection as tissue fills with blood
- tunica albicans - deep fascia - superfical fascia
Glands of the glans secretes smegma onto tip of penis (glans)
What are the simlaristys between the clitoris and the penis
Both share erectile tissue from simlar developmental origions
- crura of clittoris and corpus cavernosum both same tissue type
Describ the goadal and genetailial blood supply
Gonadal artery from the aorta -> ovary (suspensory ligament), testes (spermatic cord)
Aorta -> common iliac -> internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> perineum + genetaila
penis:
Deep arterys - through corpus cavernosum
urethral arterys - through corpus spongiosum
arterys to the bulb - bulbs of penis
dorsal artery - dorsal aspect of penis
What is the nervus supply to the penis
somatic motor and sensory neurons + autonomic nerves (S + PS)
Pudendal nerves - afferent touch, pressure temperature, Via sacral nerves + efferent motor reponse perineum + external genetalia
Autonomic nerves: Converge on pelvic plexus
Sympathetic - via thorsaic nerves ( hypogastric )
Parasympathetic - via sacral nerves ( )
Describe the male sexual act
erection: PS reponse to external stimulus - Causes NO to release from deep artery -> dilates arterys increasing blood flow to penis filling lacunae - pressure on fascia reduces venus return and causes erection
- bulbourethra glands secrete
emission: sympathetic reponse - Ductus deferens peristaltic wave to move spermatozoa to ampulla -> contractions of smooth muscle ampulla + prostate + seminal vessles pushes seminal fluid into urethra
ejaculation: sympathetic + somatic reponase - Reflexes cause contraction of urethra smooth muscle and pelvic flood
- internal urinary sphincter contracts prevent backflow
resolution: pudendal artery constricts + contraction of trabeculae -> reduced blood in penis -> flaccid
What are the steps of the female sexual act
- engorement of errectile tissues, labia + crura + vagina
- vaginal wall secretes lubricating fluid + distends
- uterus moves upwards
- after orgasum - rythmic contraction of smooth muscle in vagina + pelvic floor -> uterus moves back down
What is insemination and what occurs just afterwards
Insemination is the release of semen into the upper vaginal tract
- spermatozoa moves to ampulla + fuse with 2nd oocyte -> meiosis 2 completed -> formation of a zygote
- Zygote releaes from ampulla and travels to the uterus + attaches to endometrium - take around 7 days, undergoing mitotic divisions
What are the natural methods of contraception
Methods which rel on human timing - unreliable
Withdrawal - time to prevent semen release
lactating infertility - post birth infertility window
rythmic - timing with ovulation
What are the non hormonal methods of contraception
Caps - block the cervix, not very effective
Condoms - protection againt STI, avalible, effective
Non-hormonal IUDs - copper IUD, creates minor inflamation -> stops sperm movement + toxic to oocyte + zygote
What are the hormonal methods of contraception
Thicken cervical mucus and/or prevent ovulation
Combined pill- progestins + esterogen -> mucus + ovulation
progesterin only pill - low does progestin -> thicken mucus
hypoderminc implant - long term hormone release, disrupts follicular growth + ovulation
mereina IUD (Hormonal) - progestin release - cervical mucus + ovulation + thinned endometrium
What are the permanint methods of contraception
Male:
Vaccectomy - cut ductus deferens
Female:
salpingectomy - removal of the uterine tubes
tubal litigation - cut + tie of uterine tubes
