breathing

Question 1

What are the two body cavitys + serous membranes in the regions

Answer 1

Thorasic cavity
- pericardium
- pleura (x2)

abdominopelvic cavity:
-peritoneum

Question 2

What are the boarders and structues within the thorasic caivity

Answer 2

Anterior sternum, posterior thorasic vertibra, latteral, ribs, inferior diaphram, superior base (root) of neak

Mediastinum(heart + vessels + pericardium)
Lungs

Question 3

What are the pleural cavitys + functional benifits

Answer 3

Serous membranes around each lung
seperate to ensure 1 works if 1 breaks

Parietal pleura -> bound to thorasic wall by pleural fluid
Pleural cavity -> filled pleural fluid slippery frictionless movement
visceral pleura -> bound to lungs ensure move with thorasic wall

Question 4

what is boyles law and how does it impact inspiration and exsiration

Answer 4

pressure is inverse proportonal to volume
P=1/V
inspiration = increased lung volume decrease pressure -> air flows in
exspiration = decreased lung volume increases pressure -> air leaves lungs

Question 5

What are the anterior and posterior thorasic joints
+ cartilage type of rib cartilage

Answer 5

Anterior:
sternocosta- synovial : 1st joint = cartilagenous
costochondral : cartilagenous
interchondral - synovial

posterior:
costotransverse: synovial
costovertibral: synovial

cartilage = hyaline (joints = fibrous)

Question 6

What is the properites of the diaphragm + general thorasic muscle function

Answer 6

Thorasic muscles = move rib cage around joints = changes in volume

Diaphragm: attached at 12th vertibra + thorasic vertibra
dome muscle into thorax, contracts = flat + increased volume thorax, decreased volume abdominal
seperates thorasic + abdominal cavitys

Question 7

What are the properties of the intercostal muscles
and acessory muscles of the horax

Answer 7

diagonal attachments between ribs

external intercostal muscle: lift ribcage = increased volume

internal intercostal muscle: depress ribcage = decreased volume

acessory muscle: for forced breath, collection of muscles attached to thorasic cage
- some increase volume
- some decrease volume

Question 8

What muscles function to cause inspiration and exspiration

Answer 8

Inspiration:
Contraction -
Passive: diaphragm + external intercostal muscles
Active: contraction of acessory muscles

Exspiration:
Passive: relaxation of diaphragm + external intercostal muscles
Active: contraction of acessory muscles + internal intercostal muscles

Question 9

How do the lungs move with the thorax

Answer 9

pleural fluid connects visceral pleura to parietal pleura (attached to thorasic wall)
- lungs move when cage moves
- high elastine = good recoil