Renal physiology 1

Question 1

What are the 6 basic functions of the kidneys

Answer 1

WERE RM

Water and ion homeostasis
Endocrine function
Reabsorption of nutriance
Excretion of waste
Regulation of pH
Metabolium

Question 2

Whats an example of kidneys help water and ions homeostasis

Answer 2

Ions:
K+ excreted by the kidnyes - K+ high intracellular and responsable for RMP
Renal kidney failer -> hyperkaleimia -> arrethmia

Water:
total water content roughly constant -> water intake regulates output
- increased urine production when more fluid concumed

Question 3

What are the metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidneys

Answer 3

Metabolic - Gluconeogenesis, Lactate -> glucose when stressed/excersising

Endocrine - EPO, renin, VD3 activation

Question 4

How is pH regulated and waste excreted by the kidneys

Answer 4

pH regulated between 7.35-7.45 in blood - HCO3- or H+ secreted or reabsorbed as required
- H+ from food or metabolisum, or CO2 from metabolisum effect pH

Waste excretion in urine - must be water soluble, lipid -> liver -> urine
lipocinae anesthesia -> fat soluble -> liver -> urine
asprine pain killer -> water soluble -> urine

Question 5

What is the distribution of water throughout the body

Answer 5

Men = 60% weight, women = 55% weight

ICF = 2/3
ECF = 1/3
- 1/5 plasma
- 1/5 interstial fluid

Ratio remains relativly constant and is balanced by osmolarity

Question 6

What is osmolarity in the body and how does it effect fluid

Answer 6

Osmolarity = number of molecules in a solution (Osmol/L)
In body ~275-300mOsmol/L - same in ICF and ECF

Isoosmotic fluid - no osmolarity change - no fluid movement
hypoosmotic fluid - ICF increase - cells swell
hyperosmotic fluid - ICF decreases - cells shrink

Question 7

What are the three basic function of the nephron

Answer 7

Filtration: occurs in renal corpussle
- water + solute free filtered, large proteins/molecules not filtered

Secretion: Peritubular capillaries -> tubular fluid
- Removal of more waste unfiltered

Reabsoption: Tubular fluid -> peritubular capillaries
- nutriance back to prevent excretion

Question 8

How to determine the amount of a substance secreted by the nephron + 4 exaples of this

Answer 8

Dependent on the bodys requirements for it

1. Glucose - free filtered > all reabsorbed > none in urine
2. Na+ - free filtered > mostly reabsorbed > low urine
3. Inulin/creatinine - free filtered > only filtered in urine
4. Medicine (PHA)- free filtered > all secreted > all in urine

Question 9

What reabsorbtion occurs in each part of the nephron

Answer 9

PCT - H2O + Glucose + Na+
Nephron loop - H2O + Na+
DCT + collecting duct - hormone regulated fine tuned regulated